Code No. | Segment | Title of the ITK | Description of the ITK | Geographical areas | Key words | Name and address of the discloser/facilitator | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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224 | Grain and Storage and Management | Use of kalanjium and ragi kuzhi as storage structure | Two storage structures as indicated below are used for storing grains. Kalanjium: This is made up of bamboo stick and this could be placed below the ground level. Ragi kuzhi: This is made up of stones. It is constructed by making a dig in the soil and it is covered with stone or wooden slab. The storage material is treated with cow urine and castor paste before storage to avoid storage pest. | Tamil Nadu | kalanjium, rage kuzhi, cow urine, castor paste | Shri M. Periyasamy Galigattum, Denkanikottai, Dharmapuri (Tamil Nadu) 636 801 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
224 | Storage | Use of kalanjium and ragi kuzhi as storage structure | Two storage structures as indicated below are used for storing grains. Kalanjium: This is made up of bamboo stick and this could be placed below the ground level. Ragi kuzhi: This is made up of stones. It is constructed by making a dig in the soil and it is covered with stone or wooden slab. The storage material is treated with cow urine and castor paste before storage to avoid storage pest. | Tamil Nadu | kalanjium, rage kuzhi, cow urine, castor paste | Shri M. Periyasamy Galigattum, Denkanikottai, Dharmapuri (Tamil Nadu) 636 801 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
291 | Cooking | Use of wooden stove or chulha for tasty and speedy cooking | All the tribal villagers of Karamadai block in Tamil Nadu use wood stove or chulha for cooking food for more than 100 years. This wood stove or chulha is used to prepare tasty food items speedly by using woods available in their fields. Mud- hulha, bricks, sand, cement and cowdung paste are the materials used for making such a wooden stove. About 50% of time, firewood and energy are saved by this method. Total cost to install a chulha is around Rs 150 which would serve for more than 20 years. | Tamil Nadu | mud, brick, sand, cement, cowdung | Ms Gowri Adhityan Training Associate, Shri Avincashilingam KVK, Vivekanandapuram, Karamadai, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) 641 133 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
504 | Food Processing | Preparation of ghee and churpi (wet cheese) from milk | Churpi and ghee are prepared predominantly from milk of yak and dzomo (yak x cattle hybrid F female). Apart from these, cow milk is also used. A minimum of 10-12 litres is required for preparation of one batch of churpi and ghee. Following are the steps: 1. After collecting the milk, it is held for 2-3 days until it is fermented to curd by natural process. In winter, milk is heated intermittently for the same purpose. Usually milk is kept in a bucket by the side of chulha (fire place). 2. The curd is then transferred in a churning machine, locally called zsopu. This churner is made of bamboo and wood. The diameter and height of zsopu depend on the amount of milk to be processed. The churner consists of some other parts, namely rhupli (made of wood, with which churning is done), khaskar (made of wood and ghee is collected here), khakhep (wooden cover for khaskar). Khaskar is fixed with zsopu with the help of flour dough. 3. Churning is done for about 1- 1.5 hrs. During churing, the zsopu is kept near chulha for intermittent heating. All sides are heated up by turning the zsopu. 4. Ghee is extracted by churning, which is formed and deposited in khaskor. It requires some experience to learn when to stop churning. 5. After extraction of ghee, the remaining portion is transferred to a copper container, named tow, and it is heated in low heat over a chulha for about 30 minutes with intermittent stirring. Churpi is separated and the watery portion (whey) is left. 6. The watery churpi is taken out with the help of wooden spoon called zeru and it is kept in a bamboo netting container, called therkhap (flat type, larger) or chuntsa (small bucket) for straining the watery portion. 7. Churpi is ready for consumption. Usually it is stored for some time before consumption after drying over chulha. After drying, churpi is stored in locally made yak leather bags. 8. Whey is fed to the guard dogs or other animals. | Arunachal Pradesh | ghee, churpi, chulha, zsopu, rhupli, khakhep, khaskar,zeru, therkhap, chuntsa | Shri Samir Kumar Barari I/c Technical Cell, National Research Centre on Yak (ICAR), Dirang, West Kameng (Arunachal Pradesh) 790101 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
806 | Animal Husbandry | Seasonal migration of domestic animals | Seasonal migration of animals from higher reaches to lower areas in winter and vice-versa in summer is a common practice in Shimla district and tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh. In the beginning of cold weather (October- November) the animals are driven to the lower hills of Kangra, Nurpur and Pathankot, from where they are brought back in April to their own villages to manure the fields, and in June they are given to a shepherd for the summer months. After a month in the Trakar pastures some animals are led to the shars of Chaurah, Bharmaur and to other parts, and other animals are taken over the passes of the Pangi range to the gahars of Pangi and Lahaul, where they remain during July and August. In the beginning of September the herd commences the age-old return journey from Pangi range, from where they are brought back to the Trakar pasture. In October, they are traditionally taken to the village to manure the fields, whose owners have to provide food for the shepherds and their dogs as well as fuel at night. After October, the herd is again led to the jungles of Bhattiyat, Nurpur and Pathankot, where they remain till March. | Himachal Pradesh | seasonal migration, winter, summer, shepherd | ITK project Staff MRDA, Summer Hill Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1767 | Pest and Disease Management | Summer ploughing of rice fields to kill pathogens | During summer months, farmers do ploughing following rains, which is called summer ploughing (akras jutai). Summer ploughing kills the resting stage of rice pathogens as well as that of insects, and this practice also reduces the weed population. Farmers of Chhattisgarh region are following this practice. | Chhatisgarh | summer ploughing, pathogen, insect, weed | Director of Extension Services, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Krishak Nagar, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) 492 012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1767 | Pest and Disease Management | Summer ploughing of rice fields to kill pathogens | During summer months, farmers do ploughing following rains, which is called summer ploughing (akras jutai). Summer ploughing kills the resting stage of rice pathogens as well as that of insects, and this practice also reduces the weed population. Farmers of Chhattisgarh region are following this practice. | Chhatisgarh | summer ploughing, pathogen, insect, weed | Director of Extension Services, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Krishak Nagar, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) 492 012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1853 | Farm implements | Farm implements in crop husbandry | Farmers of Dapora village in Madhya Pradesh are using the following equimpments since 45 years: plough, harrow, kudal (digger), spade, thick rope, tifan, dufan, leveller, sickles, trolley and bullock cart. All these implements are used for land development and other crop related activities. Sugarcane, cotton, wheat, banana, sorghum, soybean, maize and chickpea are the major crops grown. | Madhya Pradesh | plough, harrow, kudal, spade, thick rope, tifan, dufan, leveller, sickle, trolley, bullock cart | Shri Thakur Randhir Singh Bais Shahpur, Burhanpur, East Nimar (Madhya Pradesh) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1853 | Farm implements | Farm implements in crop husbandry | Farmers of Dapora village in Madhya Pradesh are using the following equimpments since 45 years: plough, harrow, kudal (digger), spade, thick rope, tifan, dufan, leveller, sickles, trolley and bullock cart. All these implements are used for land development and other crop related activities. Sugarcane, cotton, wheat, banana, sorghum, soybean, maize and chickpea are the major crops grown. | Madhya Pradesh | plough, harrow, kudal, spade, thick rope, tifan, dufan, leveller, sickle, trolley, bullock cart | Shri Thakur Randhir Singh Bais Shahpur, Burhanpur, East Nimar (Madhya Pradesh) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1966 | Animal Husbandry | Use of bhangariya to treat blain of animal | The farmers of Sonapur village in Azamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh are using bhangariya leaf paste, fried in mustard oil to cure blain of animals. About 200-250 g bhangariya leaves are collected, washed and crushed properly. The crushed paste is fried in 50-60 ml mustard oil. This paste is divided into three parts and used daily after changing the old doses. | Tamil Nadu | bhangariya, blain | Shri T. Murugesan S/o Shri Thangarasu, Devendrapuram, Mannargudi, Tiruvarur (Tamil Nadu) 614 014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1980 | Weather Forecasting | Weather forecasting by observing behaviour of birds, trees etc. | A majority of the Korku tribals of Chopan village in Amrawati district of Maharashtra have indigenous knowledge about predicting the rains as indicated below. (a) When salai (Boswellia sarata) tree sprouts green leaves profusely, the rains are expected to be normal. (b) When kokila bird (Black cuckoo) sings intensely in the night hours then indicates the arrival of rains on next day. (c) If the wind blows from south- north direction continuously for 3 days, the rains are expected in next 2-3 days. (d) If white clouds appear by the end of September and October at regular intervals, then there is good chances of receiving rains. (e) When the ants move fast in the ant-hill, it indicates the arrival of rains in a day or two. (f) When heavy rains are expected, a typical grinding sound is heard through ant hills. | Maharashtra | salai tree, kokila, ant hill, wind direction | Dr O. P. Ingle Associate Professor and Head Department of Extension Education, Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra) 444 104 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2004 | Food Processing | Preparation of food and beverages in Bastar district of Chhattisgarh | Different ethnic foods are prepared by the tribals in Bastar district of Chhattisgarh as detailed below: 1. Bobo: It is made from rice flour, jaggery and oil. Rice flour is kneaded with jaggery and different forms and shapes of vada are made and afterwards deep fried. 2. Boda amat: Tamarind, cowpea, ginger, garlic, chilli salt and water are added to rice flour and cooked. It has a pouring consistency. 3. Rice amat: Puffed rice, jaggery, milk and banana are mixed in water and served as such. 4. Red ant chutney: Red ants and their eggs, garlic, ginger, chillies and salt are ground and consumed in the form of a paste. 5. Pej (Chaur): In 5 litres water, about 100 g rice is added and boiled. Salt is added to taste. 6. Madia pej: In 5 litre water, 50 g rice and 50 g fingermillet are added and boiled. Salt is added to taste. 7. Maize gruel: Maize is ground and soaked in water overnight. Next day it is boiled till thick gruel is formed. 8. Ksa pani: Horsegram, jaggery, garlic, chind root, kakai root and bael leaves are mixed in water (5 litre) and boiled overnight in an earthen pot. 9. Sulfee/ Fulfulee/ Mand: It is an alcoholic beverage. Mahua flowers are collected and mixed with rice, kutki, ragi and sap taken directly from trees. This mixture is allowed to ferment for few days. Then spirit is distilled in distillation plant. 10. Landa: It is also an alcoholic beverage. Kutki and ragi husk are takenin equal proportions. After fermenting distillation is done. | Chhatisgarh | bobo, boda amat, rice amat, red ant chutney, madia pej, pej, maize gruel, ksa pani, sulfee, landa | Ms Rekha Singh C/o Shri Jitendra Singh Scientist, ZARS Kumharawand Farm, Jagdalpur, Bastar (Chhattisgarh) 494 005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2042 | Pest and Disease Management | Intercropping of cucumber with castor and sorghum for trapping red hairy caterpillar Setting of biological traps to control red hairy caterpillar in castor | About 30-40% small and marginal farmers of Devarippula, Jangaon and Shadnagar mandals of Nalgonda, Warangal and Mahaboobnagar districts of Andhra Pradesh are using this practice since 75 years to control red hairy caterpillar in castor and sorghum. In this practice, about 100 g cucumber seed is sown with castor and sorghum for trapping red hairy caterpillar (Amsacta albistrga) as alternate host. The caterpillar prefers cucumber plants to castor or sorghum for feeding. While they are engaged on cucumber, castor and sorghum grow up sufficiently to withstand the subsequent attack by the caterpillar. Consumption of pesticide is reduced by this practice. Cucumber is a popular vegetable crop. Additional cost on cucumber seed is only Rs 2.0 per acre but ample benefit and income is assured from harvest of the fruits. | Andhra Pradesh | red hairy caterpillar, alternate host, cucumber, sorghum, castor | Shri R Lingaiah Secretary (Crops), 4-5-15 Venkanna Kunta, Jangaon, Warangal (Andhra Pradesh) 506 167 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2042 | Pest and Disease Management | Intercropping of cucumber with castor and sorghum for trapping red hairy caterpillar | About 30-40% small and marginal farmers of Devarippula, Jangaon and Shadnagar mandals of Nalgonda, Warangal and Mahaboobnagar districts of Andhra Pradesh are using this practice since 75 years to control red hairy caterpillar in castor and sorghum. In this practice, about 100 g cucumber seed is sown with castor and sorghum for trapping red hairy caterpillar (Amsacta albistrga) as alternate host. The caterpillar prefers cucumber plants to castor or sorghum for feeding. While they are engaged on cucumber, castor and sorghum grow up sufficiently to withstand the subsequent attack by the caterpillar. Consumption of pesticide is reduced by this practice. Cucumber is a popular vegetable crop. Additional cost on cucumber seed is only Rs 2.0 per acre but ample benefit and income is assured from harvest of the fruits. | Telangana | red hairy caterpillar, alternate host, cucumber, sorghum, castor | Shri R Lingaiah Secretary (Crops), 4-5-15 Venkanna Kunta, Jangaon, Warangal (Telangana) 506 167 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2278 | Animal Husbandry | Different indigenous method of animal rearing in arid Rajasthan | Various traditional methods of rearing livestock are in vogue in the Rajathan desert since ages. These methods or techniques have been evolved by the traditionally skilled livestock rearing communities. These have been practised and passed on from generation to generation for the benefit of the people. Livestock rearing, being predominant occupation of the arid people, contributes to the economy of the region, by providing milch cattle, drought cattle, milk, ghee, wool, mutton, bones etc. To preserve and strengthen the livestock economy, people have developed drought adjustment mechanisms, migratory system of livestock rearing, breeding strategies and various other practices of animal husbandry in the region. Widely practised methods or techniques of animal husbandry based on the experiences of generations and expertise of the stock breeders are indicated below: 1. Livestock migration and pastoralism: this is a drought adjustment stragey 2. Traditionally skilled livestock breeders: people of specific castes rear specific animals. 3. Symbiotic relationship between the setteled, non-pastoralist and nomadic pastoralists. 4. Herding a mixture of animal types: This is a risk reduction strategy of animal product or produce. 5. Nada bandhna: It is a traditional practice of controlled breeding by tying a knot on the penis of male sheep to avoid breeding during migration and acute summer and winter periods. 6. Amar bakra: This is a religious practice of maintaining he-goat for breeding but avoiding its sale and slaughter. 7. Khoda system: It is a religious practice of maintaining a village bull on a cooperative basis for cattle breeding in the village. 8. Foster-parental care: This is a system or practice concerning the survival of livestock during scarcity or famine periods. Goats often act as “foster mother” to lambs and cow-calves(newly born). 9. Toba system of water harvesting: This is used as water utilization system by the pastoralists. 10. Gols’ system of grazing, which is still prevalent among pastoral communities. 11. Sansis and sattia nomads: Traditionally skilled artisans are practicing castration of male calves. 12. Rituals and beliefs towards animal life, traditional attitudes, faith in god or goddess, evil eye and ghosts spirits-pertaining to livestock diseases and mortality. 13. Grazing strategies are followed for: (a) distribution of herbs for grazing for judicious use of available vegetation, (b) division of man power/ family member/ labour for different types of livestock grazing, (c) collaborative way of livestock migration, (d) migration routes according to the type of livestock. | Rajasthan | livestock migration, pastoralism, livestock breeder, symbiotic, nada bandha, amar bakra, khoda, foster parental care, toba, gol’s system | Dr L. P. Bharara Retired Principal Scientist of CAZRI, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2290 | Horticulture crops | Coping with heat and water shortages for plantation crops in Andaman and Nicobar islands | Agro-climatic conditions on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are favourable for growing spices, coconut and other cash crops. But the rather extreme seasons pose a serious challenge to the islands’s growers. A prolonged rainy season (May to November) is followed by a period of intense summer (December-April). Annual rainfall averages 3000 mm and sometimes exceeds 4200 mm, but since there is no permanent source of water for irrigation on the islands, the absence of rain in the summer creates an acute crisis. To cope up with the problem, they adopt the following practices: The farmers of this region adopt to plant coconut and arecanut seedlings close to banana plants. Banana plants grow well, manage to withstand the extreme summer and mature quickly. Once established, they create shade and also keep the surrounding area moist and cool since they store much water in their roots and stems. When coconut and arecanut plants are planted among banana plants, their roots are protected during the hot and dry season. The first one or two years are critical for coconut and arecanut plants. If they can survive these years, the plants can manage on their own. In the hills of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, where water level drop most severely in summer, it is difficult to raise the especially vulnerable arecanut seedlings. Farmers therefore place the seedlings near well-established coconut trees, which offer them shade. Some farmers make particularly clever use of the fibrous husks that are left after arecanuts are extracted from their pods. Instead of throwing away or burning the fibers, they place them in a circular ditch which they have dug around the base of the arecanut plant. This protects the stem from direct sunlight and keeps the area cool by reducing the evaporation from the soil. And as the fiber slowly decompose, they become organic manure that adds fertility to the soil. The farmers find this very effective and the practice is rapidly becoming popular among them. Some farmers cover the base of coconut plant with leaves from the same plant. This also prevents direct sun from drying out the stem and it keeps the base cool. The leaves when they ecompose, turn into organic manure. Another problem for farmers on the islands is salt water. Low-lying areas are flooded with sea water during high tide. Coconut plantation suffers when roots are in frequent contact with salt water. To protect coconut plants from this direct contact, farmers collect clay soil and pile it up around the base of the plants. This practice is particularly useful for newly planted coconut seedlings, which are particularly vulnerable to salt water. In order to protect arecanut seedlings from the adverse effects of salt water beneath the soils, farmers plant the seedlings shallowly. | Andaman Nicobar islands | water shortage, heat, coconut, arecanut, banana, shade, fibrous husk, salt water | Dr. A.K. Bandyapadhyay, Central Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 181, Portblair (Andaman and and Nicobar Islands) 744101 Dr. G.S. Saha, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA) Dhauli Bhubaneshwar (Orissa) 751 003 Ref: Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, Vol. 7: 26-27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2290 | Water Management | Coping with heat and water shortages for plantation crops in Andaman and Nicobar islands | Agro-climatic conditions on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are favourable for growing spices, coconut and other cash crops. But the rather extreme seasons pose a serious challenge to the islands’s growers. A prolonged rainy season (May to November) is followed by a period of intense summer (December- April). Annual rainfall averages 3000 mm and sometimes exceeds 4200 mm, but since there is no permanent source of water for irrigation on the islands, the absence of rain in the summer creates an acute crisis. To cope up with the problem, they adopt the following practices: The farmers of this region adopt to plant coconut and arecanut seedlings close to banana plants. Banana plants grow well, manage to withstand the extreme summer and mature quickly. Once established, they create shade and also keep the surrounding area moist and cool since they store much water in their roots and stems. When coconut and arecanut plants are planted among banana plants, their roots are protected during the hot and dry season. The first one or two years are critical for coconut and arecanut plants. If they can survive these years, the plants can manage on their own. In the hills of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, where water level drop most severely in summer, it is difficult to raise the especially vulnerable arecanut seedlings. Farmers therefore place the seedlings near well-established coconut trees, which offer them shade. Some farmers make particularly clever use of the fibrous husks that are left after arecanuts are extracted from their pods. Instead of throwing away or burning the fibers, they place them in a circular ditch which they have dug around the base of the arecanut plant. This protects the stem from direct sunlight and keeps the area cool by reducing the evaporation from the soil. And as the fiber slowly decompose, they become organic manure that adds fertility to the soil. The farmers find this very effective and the practice is rapidly becoming popular among them. Some farmers cover the base of coconut plant with leaves from the same plant. This also prevents direct sun from drying out the stem and it keeps the base cool. The leaves when they ecompose, turn into organic manure. Another problem for farmers on the islands is salt water. Low-lying areas are flooded with sea water during high tide. Coconut plantation suffers when roots are in frequent contact with salt water. To protect coconut plants from this direct contact, farmers collect clay soil and pile it up around the base of the plants. This practice is particularly useful for newly planted coconut seedlings, which are particularly vulnerable to salt water. In order to protect arecanut seedlings from the adverse effects of salt water beneath the soils, farmers plant the seedlings shallowly. | Andaman Nicobar islands | water shortage, heat, coconut, arecanut, banana, shade, fibrous husk, salt water | Dr. A.K. Bandyapadhyay, Central Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 181 Portblair (Andaman and and Nicobar Islands) 744101 Dr. G.S. Saha Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA) Dhauli Bhubaneshwar (Orissa) 751 003 Ref: Indigenous Knowledge and Deve lopment Monitor, Vol. 7: 26-27 Page 82 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2292 | Animal Husbandry | Indigenous buffalo husbandry practice in Haryana | Drs. V.B. Dixit, D.Lal, A. Manuja and T.R.Chouhan studied farmers rationale of indigenous buffalo husbandry practices in Haryana. The study was conducted in Murrah tract of Haryana, representing the districts of Hissar, Jind, Rohatak and Bhiwani. The information about indigenous buffalo husbandry practices and their rationale was collected from 100 farmers. The information so obtained was classified in to breeding, feeding, health and management practices as indicated below: I.Breeding practices (a) Wallowing of buffaloes before natural service is avoided. Wallowing of female buffaloes is avoided before natural service because it reduces sexual desire in buffaloes. (b) To provide extra energy gram and gur are provided to the bulls after natural service. (c) To ensure better conception buffalo owners also reported that it is necessary to pour water on the back of the she buffaloes after natural service. (d) To identify community bull, a mark of a ring is put on the posterior of the animal. (e) Farmers select breeding bulls whose dam’s yield is high and that too from distant villages to get high yielding progeny and to avoid inbreeding. II. Feeding practices (a) Feeding of methi for speedy involution of uterus About ½ to 1 kg methi (boiled or soaked in hot water) and 1 kg jaggery is mixed and this mixture is given daily after calving. It helps in involution of the uterus. (b) Feeding of dalia for speedy recovery and to avoid constipation About 2 kg dalia (broken wheat) is boiled on slow heat and given as energy source after calving. It helps for speedy recovery and to avoid constipation. (c) Deworming of calves and to relieve from constipation Drenching of 50-100 g mustard oil, 1 kg lassi (butter milk) and 5- 10 g salt mixture to young calves as a dewormer as well as laxative. (d) Use of mustard oil for easy calving About 200-300 g mustard oil is given to pregnant buffaloes daily for 10-15 days before calving. It facilitates in easy calving. (e) Enhancement of butter fat Cotton seed is boiled on slow heat for 5-6 hours and fed to lactating animals. It increases recovery of fat from milk. (f) To boast milk production in ensuring lactation About 4-5 kg desi ghee is fed to the animals in late pregnancy to boast milk production in ensuring lactation. (g) To check excess salivation Mixture of garlic, gur and chapatis is given to the animals to check the excess salivation. (h) Use of methi for induction of heat in animal Methi (boiled or soaked) is fed to anestrus buffaloes to bring the animals in heat in time. Keywords: methi, involution of uterus, dalia, constipation, lassi, desi ghee, chapatis, heat in animals III. Health practices (a) Treatment of Haemorrhagic septicemia Equal quantities of macoy leaves, neem and amaltas pulp are heated and applied on the neck of diseased buffaloes. (b) Cure of mastitis Application of turmeric paste on udder is done. It is a natural antiseptic and useful in the treatment of mastitis. (c) Treatment of brucellosis To check brucellosis, washing of vagina with warm water containing alum or neem leaves is done. It acts as an antiseptic. (d) Foot and mouth disease To control foot and mouth disease in buffaloes, about one litre boiled water containing 12 g alum is used for washing lesions, as it is considered to be an antiseptic. (e) Treatment of tympany For treatment of tympany, mixture of ginger rhizomes with few seeds of pepper, handful of salt, little asafoetida and few shavings of back is given to the animal. This mixture is well pounded together and the extracted juice is diluted with water and drenched into the animals throat. This treatment helps the buffaloes to release the gas and ultimately curing the tympany. IV. Management practices: (a) Animals are kept by the farmers alongside their dwellings, in order to facilitate women to look after their animals. (b) Wallowing is the other practices which is most widely followed that helps in increasing milk production in buffaloes. (c) Roofing of the animal sheds is done with locally available material such as cotton sticks, waste paddy straw and locally available grasses. It keeps the animals comfortable in summer and winter. (d) Farmers still prefer mud flooring for buffloes in their houses because buffloes are more comfortable on mud flooring. | Haryana | gram, gur, conception, community bull, dwellings, wallowing, roofing, flooring | Ref: Indian J. Dairy Sc. 53,4,2000. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2295 | Weather Forecasting | Methods of weather forecasting | Shri Dorjey Angchok for his Masters degree in Extension Education under Banaras Hindu University in 2000 reviewed the traditional methods of weather forecasting, which he classified as non-bioindicators of weather / rainfall. Among non- bioindicators of weather forecasting, change in organic and inorganic chemical compounds, smoky atmosphere, foul smell of butter, physical changes in the atmosphere appearing around the sun, speed and direction of wind, atmospheric pressure , humidity, colour of sky and colour of cloud indicate receipt of rainfall. Bio- indicators of weather which Shri Dorjey Angchok reviewed include, behaviour of ants, branching in trees, direction of new leaves of creepers, change in behaviour of crows, cuckoo and sparrow and growth of particular vegetation as indicator of rainfall. | Utter Pradesh | change in behaviour of insects, birds, vegetation, sky, cloud, sun | Shri Dorjey Angchok Department of Extension Education, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) 221 005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2296 | Weather Forecasting | Methods of rainfall prediction | Shri R. M. Tripathi studied the methods of rainfall prediction based on authenticity of panchang for his master’s degree which has been accepted for Masters degree in Agricultural Extension by Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi in 1996. Some of the findings are indicated below. 1. There is a formula evolved by Parasar rishi to determine the type of clouds that occurs from year to year. Addition of 3 to the current sakabda (shakaera) and dividing the result by 4, the reminder represent the clouds of that year. If remainder is 1, the cloud is abartaka If remainder is 2, the cloud is sambartak If remainder is 3, the cloud is pushkar If remainder is 4 (practically), the cloud is drona. (a) If the dominating cloud of the year is abartaka, there is rain in certain part. (b) If the dominating cloud of the year is pushkar, the quantity of rainfall is less. (c) If the dominating cloud is drona, the rainfall is heavey. 2. Ruling planet of the month influence the rainfall. Sun: If Sun is the ruling planet of the month, there is little rain, people suffer, theft increases, there are more eye disease and the storms and cyclones become frequent. Moon: If Moon is the ruling planet of the month, diseases like cold and cough develop and there is good rain and good crop. There is well being every where. Mercury: If Mercury is the ruling planet of the month, there is little rain. Crop yield is half. Jupiter: If Jupiter is the ruling planet of the month, there is good rain, crop yield is better and people are happy. Venus: If Venus is the ruling planet of the month, there is good rain, good crop and milk yield increases. Saturn: If Saturn is the ruling planet of the month, there is a heavy rain and flood damage to crops. According to Brhat Samhita of Varahamihira, the nakshatra (constellation) of the Moon in which cloud conception takes place in the same nakshatra of the moon after 195 days, its delivery will take place. But there is opposite relationship between cloud conception and its delivery regarding days, parts of days, paksh and direction. For example, if the cloud conception occurs during krishna paksha (first fortnight of month), its delivery will take place in shukla paksha (second fortnight of month). Likewise, the day’s conception of cloud will be delivered in night and so on. Basis for consideration of cloud conception: According to Brahat Samhita the basis for the consideration of cloud conception is pratipada of shukla paksha (first day of second fortnight) or Margshirsh month when is the Purvasadha nakshatra. The delivery of clouds (rainfall) is only possible in feminine gender of nakshatra i.e. Aadra, Punarvasu, Pusya, Ashlesha, Magha, PurvaPhalguni, UttaraPhalguni, Hastha, Chaitra, Swati (total 10 constellations). | Utter Pradesh | sakabda (shakaera), abartaka, sambartak, pushkar, drona, ruling planet, Sun, Moon, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn, Brahat Samhita, Varahamihira, nakshatra, Krishna paksha, shukla paksha, pratipada, Margshirsh, Purvasadha. | Shri Ram Pritimani Tripathi Department of Extension Education, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) 221 005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2297 | Weather Forecasting | Weather forecasting in almanacs relating to farming operations | Shri Sumanta Kumar Mishra studied the theoretical basis of weather forecasting in panchang and ancient literatures for Extenhis Doctorate degree which has been accepted for award of Doctor of Univerphilosophy degree in Agricultural Extension by Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi in 1998. Some of the findings which are indicative of receipt of rainfall are mentioned below. 1. According to Varahamihira and others, the formation of clouds takes place before 195 days from the days of their fall. According to them, symptoms of cloud formation are to be detected when the moon transits the asterism (nakshatra) of Purvashadha, commencing from the first day of the lunar month of margashira. Foetuses formed the dark-half will come out in the bright half and vice versa; those formed in day time will come out at night and vice versa; those formed at dawn will come out in the evening and vice versa; if formed in east will give water in west and vice versa; and if formed in north will rain in south and vice versa. 2. Good symptoms at the time ofconception of clouds are a delightful and cool breeze from north, north-east and east; a clear sky; a good twilight; groups of birds and animals chirping pleasantly in the north, north- east and east etc. In addition, there are some special rules relating to the growth of embryos and arising from the particular nature of the season. In contrast, fall of meteors, lightning, dust storm, earth- quake, internal conflicts (graha yuddha), portentous thunder, rainbow and eclipse of the sun or the moon are the indicaters for miscarrying (garbha pata) of the foetuses. 3. For measurement of rainfall or rainwater, the unit of rain- gauging was adhaka. An adhaka is the quantity of rainfall that fills to the brim of a vessel 20 inches in diameter and 8 inches deep. Four such adhakas constitute a drona. The amount of rain fall in coming months/ seasons/ year is assessed on the basis of symptoms at cloud conception, position of the sun and the moon in the particular nakshatra division or zodiacs, and some related considerations. 4. According to ancient scriptures including those of Garga, Varahamihira and Parasar etc., there are four types of clouds, viz. (i) abartak (ii) sambartak (iii) pushkar, and (iv) drona. If dominating cloud of year is abartak, rain will take place in certain places in that year; if sambartak – in all parts of the country; if pushkar – the quantity of rainfall will be very less; and if drona – that year will receive abundant rainwater. 5. According to ruling planet of a year, overall rainfall of that particular year should be anticipated as follows: (i) sun – moderate (ii) moon – very heavy, (iii) mars – scanty, (iv) mercury – good (v) jupiter – very good (vi) venus – good, and (vii) saturn – very low and stormy wind. 6. Three days in the month of Ashadha (June- July) have been specially selected by our ancient meteorologists for observation of atmospheric conditions to determine the future prospect of rain. They are the days when in the lunar month of Ashadha, the moon passes through the asterisms of Rohini, Swati, and Uttarashadha, respectively known as Rohini yoga, Swati yoga and Ashadha yoga days. 7. Changes in weather are associated with the sun, the moon and other seven planets under certain conditions of positions, either when they act alone or in combination (planetary conjunction or graha yoga). Strong positions or aspects of planets leave impactful impressions on the weather progressively all-round the world . The slower-moving planets (especially Jupiter and Saturn ) exert a telling influence because of their slow speed and great masses for a long period of time. 8.When the sun and the moon are in neutral asterisms, there will be winds; when they are in feminine asterisms, there will be lightning and phosphorescence; and when the sun occupies a feminine asterism and the moon a masculine or vice versa, there will be rains. 9. Researches have shown that there are some important days in a year, and by observing the atmospheric activities of those days and correlating those with the planetary positions, an indication of future behaviour of weather can be foretold, e.g. when it rains in the new moon days and the days succeeding them (i.e. pratipada days ), there will be good rainfall during the bright- half of the lunar month; if the constellation of Rohini coincides with the 10th lunar day in the month of Ashadha, there will be terrible rains. 10. There are 10 nakshatras through which the sun passes during the rainy months (from mid – Ashadha to mid – Kartika) to foretell the amount and time of rain in any year. They are Ardra, Punarvasu, Pushya, Ashlesha, Magha, Purva – Phalguni, Uttara – Phalguni, Hasta, Chitra and Swati. 11. Dashatapa Siddhanta (10 hot days theory) is an important theory found in ancient astrological texts, also considered for predicting the amount of rain in the four major months of rainy season, baesd only on the hotness of 10 days commencing from new moon day of jyeshtha to the tenth day of the bright-half (i.e. from Jyestha Krishna amavasya up to Ashadha shukla dashami). 12. For predicting the monsoon and its subsequent effect on weather, all panchang-makers consider three different nadi siddhantas (capsular theories), commonly known as nadi charkas. These are: (i) dwinadi chakra (ii) trinadi chakra, and (iii) saptanadi chakra, named after grouping all the nakshatras into two, three and seven categories, respectively according to specific criteria. 13. Each and every day of a year shows some particular symptoms expressed in significant weather occurrences and atmospheric changes. By observing those particular symptoms, an indication of future weather (short-range, medium-range, as well as long- range) can be known. 14. Like different signs or indicators of future rain and immediate rain, the ancient astro- meterologists have also keenly observed, examined and documented a number of signs of drought or scanty rain. These signs are again of varied nature like the signs from planets and nakshatras, from the symptoms at pregnancy of cloud, from wind blow, from rainfall, from planetary conjunction and planetary conflicts, from the union of different genders of planets or nakshatras, and from creepers and plants etc. | Utter Pradesh | Varahamihira, nakshatra, Margshira, graha yuddha, adhaka, drona, abartak, sambartak, pushkar, Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn, Ashadha, Rohini, Swati, Uttarashadha, Pratipada, Kartika, dashtapa, dwinadi chakra, trinadi chakra, saptanadi chakra | Shri Sumanta Kumar Mishra Department of Extenhis sion Education, Banaras Hindu Univerphilosophy sity Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) 221 005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2300 | Communication | Indigenous technological knowledge and communication pattern | Shri G.S. Narayana, M.Sc. (Agric.) studied the indigenous technological knowledge and its communication pattern in east Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh on 49 agricultural practices, 34 livestock practices and 78 human health practices. In agricultural practices, different issues like crop husbandry, soil and water management, fertility management, interculture operations and harvesting are discussed. In the category of livestock practices, different issues like selection of milch animal, breeding practices, feeding practices and animal disease treatment are included. In human health practices, different aspects like vomiting and motions, cough, wounds and sores, body pains, biting problem, teeth problem, paralysis, head lice, fever, throat infection, white discharge, jaundice, worms, eczema, mouth cleaning, constipation, face beauty, sneezing and cold, bone dislocation, spots and paithyam, sugar disease and miscellaneous problems are highlighted. | Andhra Pradesh | agricultural, practices, livestock practices, human health practices | Department of Extension Education, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu university, Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) 221 005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2301 | Knowledge Systems | Agricultural knowledge system in ancient India and its relevance in sustainable development | Shri A.K. Pandey studied the agricultural knowledge system in ancient India and its relevance in sustainable development regarding animal husbandry, veterinary science, animal nutrition, pasture management, management of animals, milk and milk products pertaining to dairy technology, improvement of animal breeds, improvement through hybridization and animal training, for the partial fulfillment to obtain the Ph.D degree (Extension Education) which has been accepted by Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi in 1997. | All India | agricultural knowledge system, pasture management, hybridization | Shri Anil Kumar Pandey Department of Extension Education, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) 221 005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2302 | Cropping Systems | Use of low-cost technologies for agro-economic production | In other crops: (i) FYM/compost/green manure/waste residues are useful, but presently their use is low because of intensive cropping. This requires repromotion. (ii) Timely sowing has its own importance. Mustard is sown when the farmers cannot sleep without a bedsheet. (iii) Wilt disease does not occur if seed treatment in pulses like chickpea and pigeonpea is done through curd, butter milk and of linseed and mustard (for 24-48 hr). Use of fresh cowdung as seed treatment in cotton helps in early germination and protects from pests and diseases besides facilitating sowing operation. (iv) Use of coconut dust and wood ash in vegetable seeds, particularly in cucurbits, tomato and brinjal helps to save seeds from pest/disease damage in storage. (v) Use of besharam (Ipomoea carnea) is beneficial in controlling rats/pests in rice fields. (vi) Intercropping of chickpea/lentil + linseed (4:1 row ratio) and pigeonpea+sorghum (1:3 row ratio) helps in controlling wilt disease. | Utter Pradesh | low cost technologies | Dr O. P. Rajput Cropping Systems Research Project (ICAR), Department of Agronomy, R.B.S. College, Bichpuri Agra (Uttar Pradesh) 283 105 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2302 | Crop management | Use of low-cost technologies for agro-economic production | Farmers of Agra division are following these practices: Crop based ITK (a) Oilseeds: (i) Advance sowing of mustard (up to September end) on rain- conserved moisture in place of October sowing (at 27 degree centigrade optimum temperature, with pre-sowing irrigation) gives higher yield and also saves the crop from aphids. It has widely been accepted by the farmers of Agra region. (ii) By raising toria in September- October, control of weeds is possible, and it saves at least 3 ploughings @ Rs 200/ha, compared to fallow in maize-wheat rotation as against maize-toria-wheat sequence. (iii) Thinning at 15-18 days after sowing in mustard is done to maintain 15 cm plant-to-plant distance or to achieve nearly 1.5 lakh plants per ha which increases yield by 5-10 percent. (iv) Topping of main stem of mustard (15 cm from top) at 35- 40 days or before flowering increases yield by 15-20 percent. (v) Early sowing of sesame increases phyllody disease; hence early sowing is avoided. (vi) In sorghum (fodder)-mustard sequence use of gypsum @ 8q/ha provides more profit. (vii) In fallow-mustard-sunflower sequence, the mustard yield decreases but increases in green manure/ greengram/ summer maize-mustard sequence, (viii) In soybean+popular agro- forestry based system soil health may be recovered by addition of organic matter, without shading or adverse effect on soybean/ berseem based system. (b) In other crops: (i) FYM/compost/green manure/waste residues are useful, but presently their use is low because of intensive cropping. This requires repromotion. (ii) Timely sowing has its own importance. Mustard is sown when the farmers can-not sleep without a bedsheet. (iii) Wilt disease does not occur if seed treatment in pulses like chickpea and pigeonpea is done through curd, butter C71milk and of linseed and mustard (for 24-48 hr). Use of fresh cowdung as seed treatment in cotton helps in early germination and protects from pests and diseases besides facilitating sowing operation. (iv) Use of coconut dust and wood ash in vegetable seeds, particularly in cucurbits, tomato and brinjal helps to save seeds from pest/disease damage in storage. (v) Use of besharam (Ipomoea carnea) is beneficial in controlling rats/pests in rice fields. (vi) Intercropping of chickpea/lentil + linseed (4:1 row ratio) and pigeonpea+sorghum (1:3 row ratio) helps in controlling wilt disease. (c) For grain storage: (i) Pulses (split dal) for house- hold use may be kept safe without loss for a longer period by coating it with mustard oil. (ii) For house-hold use, rice is stored with common salt (small pieces); pulses with asafoetida (heeng) and camphor (kapoor); and wheat with garlic bulblets. The practice help control damage by storage pests. (iii) Use of dry neem leaves is useful in storage of grains. (iv) Seeds of cucurbitaceous vegetables, tomato and brinjal can be stored safely by mixing with wood-ash. (d) General: (i) For controlling termites in sugarcane or in any crop, use of cowdung in pots (pitchers) and placing it in field is an effective method. The smell of dung attracts termite which are trapped in the pitcher. (ii) Cow urine + neem leaves (4:1 ratio by weight) + copper piece/plate are mixed in pitcher and put in soil for about a month or two. Then it is boiled and the quantity is reduced to half, filtered and stored in bottle. The product acts as a good insecticide for all crops. (e) Amendments: Lucerne meal and barley straw are amendments for cotton root rot disease. Green manure of soybean is amendment for potato common scab. Wheat straw, corn stover and lucerne hay are amendment for potato black scrub. Oat straw, corn stover and lucerne hay are amendments for bean root-rot | Utter Pradesh | Oilseeds, mustard | Dr O. P. Rajput Cropping Systems Research Project (ICAR), Department of Agronomy, R.B.S. College, Bichpuri Agra (Uttar Pradesh) 283 105 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop Management | Obtaining good tillering in nagali and paddy by detopping | In the tribal area of Akole tehsil of Ahmednagar, farmers leave the animals free for grazing in nagali (Eleusine coracana) and paddy crops. Grazing leads to detopping, which results in profuse tillering, ultimately boosting the yield of the crops. | Maharashtra | nagali, paddy, animal grazing, detopping, tillering | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop Management | Sowing of pigeonpea in March for green pods | Farmers of Dhule district in Maharashtra sow pigeonpea in March and the green pods are harvested for selling in Surat market from June onwards which Ahmednagar fetches very high price. There is a great demand for green pods of pigeonpea which is utilized for table purpose. By considering the market demand, farmers have started sowing of pigeonpea in March as an off- season crop. | Maharashtra | pigeonpea, green pods, table purpose, off-season This practice is followed in some parts of Dhule tehsil of Dhule district of Maharashtra. | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop Management | Sowing of soaked groundnut pods | Groundnut pods are soaked in water for 2 hours and then bagged Ahmednagar over night. Next day it is sown in the furrows opened by wooden plough. This gives good yield of groundnut. | Maharashtra | groundnut, overnight soaking, wooden plough, good yield | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop Management | Sowing of tidaki, a local variety of maize to obtain good yield | In spite of the availability of hybrids, the tribal farmers of Dhule and Nandurbar districts of Maharashtra grow local variety of maize, viz., tidaki. It is sweeter as compared to other varieties. Its bhakri is tasty and it remains soft for long time. It is early maturing (75-80 days). It gives good yield even under drought conditions and requires less fertilizer. It is also resistant to pests and diseases and gives average grain yield of 25 q/ha. The quality of fodder is also good. | Maharashtra | tidaki, maize, bhakri, sweet, drought resistant | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop Management | Sowing of wheat at freezing stage of coconut oil | Wheat sowing is recommended during the period when cool temperature prevails. To obtain profuse tillering, wheat sowing is done when minimum temperature is 12-14 degree celcius. Farmers themselves have foundout solution for adjusting the time of sowing. It is the time when coconut oil starts freezing. Accordingly, wheat is sown in many districts of Maharashtra. Wheat sown during this time produces profuse tillering, thereby fetching good yields. | Maharashtra | freezing of coconut oil, sowing of wheat, profuse tillering, good yield | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 Page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop Management | Use of modified planting technique of maize to minimise cost of production | Farmers of Malshiras tehsil of Solapur district raise maize by dibbling on one side of ridges. This poses difficulty in carrying out intercultural operation. Farmers dibble maize seeds on flat beds, and after germination they carry out one hoeing operation as interculturing. Then the ridger is drawn between two lines of maize crop, so a furrow is opened. It helps in earthing up the crop and support the plants. This practice increases the forage/grain yield up to 10-12% with no need of later interculturing operations. | Maharashtra | maize dibbling, ridger, hoeing operation, furrow, modified planting technique | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop Management | Use of parasani operation in minor millet (Eleusine coracana) for detopping of crop | In the tribal area of Akole tehsil of Ahmednagar district, farmers do parasani operation in standing crop of Eleusine coracana. This operation is done 1 to 1 ½ months after sowing the crop by the use of long iron blade harrow with light load wooden plank (bullock drawn). By this implement only shallow rooted weeds are removed but not the main crop (because the crop has deep and profused root system). The tip portion of the crop plants is removed by the blade to serve the purpose of detopping. This results in good yield of the crop. | Maharashtra | parasani, minor millet, detopping | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop management | Control of flower shedding in chilli and pigeonpea by using whey solution | Farmers of Taloda and Akkalduwa tehsils of Nandurbar district use a mixture of 10 litres whey, 10 litres water and 1 kg urea to control sheding of flowers in chickpea and pigeonpea. The solution is stirred well and sprayed at an interval of 20 days, 2-3 times which, prevents flower shedding. | Nandurbar dist, Maharashtra | flower shedding, chilli, pigeonpea, whey, urea | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop management | Determination of appropriate harvesting time of cereal crops | For determining the time of harvest, farmers of north Solapur region of Solapur district bite randomly selected grains from a field for judging the proper harvesting time of cereal crops. Harvest at proper stage of crop has prime importance for achieving good quality and optimum yields. Some grains of the cereal crops are selected randomly and bitten to assess the hardening of the grains. If the grains attain proper hardening, they are ready for harvest. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | biting of grains, time of harvest, cereal crops | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop management | Obtaining good tillering in nagali and paddy by detopping | In the tribal area of Akole tehsil of Ahmednagar, farmers leave the animals free for grazing in nagali (Eleusine coracana) and paddy crops. Grazing leads to detopping, which results in profuse tillering, ultimately boosting the yield of the crops. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | nagali, paddy, animal grazing, detopping, tillering | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop management | Ratooning of kharif cotton | In Nandurbar, Dhule and Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra, farmers are taking ratoon crop of cotton. The farmers who are having irrigation facilities are following this practice. Ratooning is done after 3-4 pickings of cotton and the crop is supplemented with chemical fertilizers and 2-3 irrigations till February-March. The farmers get additional yield of about 10-15 q/ha, in addition to previous harvest. | Nandurbar, Dhule and Jalgoan dist, Maharashtra | ratooning, kharif cotton | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 Page 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop management | Ratooning of rainfed cotton raised on deep black soil | In Shevgaon and Pathardi tehsils of Ahmednagar district, farmers take cotton during monsoon/ rainy season, which is harvested upto end of November/ December. But during the last 5-6 years it has been observed that rains are received during November/ December. During this time new growth of leaves, branch, bolls etc. is observed from stubbles of cotton plants. In this crop only weeding operation is done. The flush of flowers get matured within 2 months and farmers obtain 4-6 q/ha of cotton yield. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | ratooning of cotton | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop management | Spraying of cow urine on sorghum crop | Farmers of Pandharpur tehsil of Solapur district do not follow recommended dose of fertilizers. This results in yellowing of leaves of sorghum at flag-leaf stage, thereby reducing the photosynthetic activity and leading to low harvest of grain yield. To overcome this problem, farmers spray cow urine in sorghum crop. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | cow urine, sorghum, photosynthetic activity, flag leaf stage, fertilizers | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 Page 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop management | Use of high concentration of urea for the control of noxious weeds in sugarcane | To control the monocotyledonous weeds in sugarcane crop, farmers of Pandharpur tehsil of Solapur district use solution of urea (15 % concentration). High concentration of urea affects stomatal activity and scorching is seen over the leafy portion of the weeds and growth of plants is hindered. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | high concentration of urea, noxious weeds, sugarcane, stomatal activity | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop management | Use of modified planting technique of maize to minimise cost of production | Farmers of Malshiras tehsil of Solapur district raise maize by dibbling on one side of ridges. This poses difficulty in carrying out intercultural operation. Farmers dibble maize seeds on flat beds, and after germination they carry out one hoeing operation as interculturing. Then the ridger is drawn between two lines of maize crop, so a furrow is opened. It helps in earthing up the crop and support the plants. This practice increases the forage/grain yield up to 10-12% with no need of later interculturing operations. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | maize dibbling, ridger, hoeing operation, furrow, modified planting technique | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop management | Use of parasani operation in minor millet (Eleusine coracana) for detopping of crop | In the tribal area of Akole tehsil of Ahmednagar district, farmers do parasani operation in standing crop of Eleusine coracana. This operation is done 1 to 1 ½ months after sowing the crop by the use of long iron blade harrow with light load wooden plank (bullock drawn). By this implement only shallow rooted weeds are removed but not the main crop (because the crop has deep and profused root system). The tip portion of the crop plants is removed by the blade to serve the purpose of detopping. This results in good yield of the crop. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | parasani, minor millet, detopping | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop management | Yield increase of sugarcane by irrigating the crop during navaratra | Farmers of Malshiras tehsil of Solapur and middle part of Ahmednagar district irrigate sugarcane crop during navaratra period. By this practice yield increases by 2 t/ha. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | sugarcane, irrigation, navaratra | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Cropping Systems | Dry sowing of cotton, pigeonpea and rice | For getting advantage of early seeding in kharif season, farmers resort to dry seeding of cotton (local variety), pigeonpea and rice. Seeing is generally done 10-12 days before the anticipated date of onset of monsoon. In this practice, dry seeded crops give the advantage of 8-10 days earlier sowing than normal. When sufficient rains are received, the dry seeded grains start germinating. In dry seeding, however, there is a risk of re-sowing in the event of receipt of inadequate rainfall. Otherwise it gives 10% more yield. Dry seeding of cotton and pigeonpea is in practice in Dhule, Nandurbar and Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra. Dry seeded rice is taken in Taloda and Akkalkuwa tehsils of Nandurbar district in Maharashtra. | Maharashtra | dry sowing, cotton, pigeonpea, rice, monsoon | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Cropping Systems | Dry sowing of cotton, pigeonpea and rice | For getting advantage of early seeding in kharif season, farmers resort to dry seeding of cotton (local variety), pigeonpea and rice. Seeing is generally done 10-12 days before the anticipated date of onset of monsoon. In this practice, dry seeded crops give the advantage of 8-10 days earlier sowing than normal. When sufficient rains are received, the dry seeded grains start germinating. In dry seeding, however, there is a risk of re-sowing in the event of receipt of inadequate rainfall. Otherwise it gives 10% more yield. Dry seeding of cotton and pigeonpea is in practice in Dhule, Nandurbar and Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra. Dry seeded rice is taken in Taloda and Akkalkuwa tehsils of Nandurbar district in Maharashtra. | Dhule, Nandurbar, Jalgoan dist of Maharashtra | dry sowing, cotton, pigeonpea, rice, monsoon | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Cropping Systems | Intercropping of chilli with summer groundnut as strip crop for higher monetary returns | Chilli seeds are sown along with summer groundnut in 1:4 row ratio in January. Thinning is done in chilli after 30 days of sowing. After havest of summer groundnut in May, the hoeing and weeding are done to promote growth of chilli and it is continued up to July/August. The farmers fetch remunerative market price, as there is a demand for chilli during June to August. This practice is being followed since 10 years is some parts of Dhule and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra. | Dhule, Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | chilli, summer groundnut, intercropping | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Cropping Systems | Ratooning of kharif cotton | In Nandurbar, Dhule and Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra, farmers are taking ratoon crop of cotton. The farmers who are having irrigation facilities are following this practice. Ratooning is done after 3-4 pickings of cotton and the crop is supplemented with chemical fertilizers and 2-3 irrigations till February-March. The farmers get additional yield of about 10-15 q/ha, in addition to previous harvest. | Nandurbar, Dhule and Jalgoan dist, Maharashtra | ratooning, kharif cotton | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Cropping Systems | Ratooning of rainfed cotton raised on deep black soil | In Shevgaon and Pathardi tehsils of Ahmednagar district, farmers take cotton during monsoon/ rainy season, which is harvested upto end of November/ December. But during the last 5-6 years it has been observed that rains are received during November/ December. During this time new growth of leaves, branch, bolls etc. is observed from stubbles of cotton plants. In this crop only weeding operation is done. The flush of flowers get matured within 2 months and farmers obtain 4-6 q/ha of cotton yield. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | ratooning of cotton | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Cropping Systems | Summer pearl millet after cotton, a new cropping system | Since last 4-5 years, some farmers of Dhule, Nandurbar, Jalgaon and Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra have started cultivation of pearlmillet in summer after kharif cotton. The area under kharif cotton is increasing day by day, thereby reducing the area under food crops. The farmers themselves have felt the shortage of food grains for their family and fodder for their cattle. To overcome this problem, farmers have started taking summer pearlmillet after kharif cotton and they are getting good-quality grains and fodder as compared to the kharif crop. Moreover, yields are also more. Sowing is done in January by using double the seed rate than used in kharif. All other packages of practices are the same as that for kharif. Only 5-6 irrigations are required. No pests and diseases have been noticed so far. | Dhule, Nandurbar, Jalgoan dist of Maharashtra | summer pearlmillet, kharif cotton | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Cropping Systems | Use of high concentration of urea for the control of noxious weeds in sugarcane | To control the monocotyledonous weeds in sugarcane crop, farmers of Pandharpur tehsil of Solapur district use solution of urea (15 % concentration). High concentration of urea affects stomatal activity and scorching is seen over the leafy portion of the weeds and growth of plants is hindered. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | high concentration of urea, noxious weeds, sugarcane, stomatal activity | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Cropping Systems | Use of mixed cropping to cover risk of failure | Tribal farmers of Nandurbar, Dhule and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra generally take mixed crops to cover the risk of crop failure of sole crop. They take nagali with maize, sorghum and pigeonpea. Pigeonpea is mixed with groundnut or vice- versa. Pulses like blackgram and chickpea are also mixed with sorghum/ maize. | Dhule, Nandurbar, Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | mixed cropping, risk of failure, nagali, pigeonpea, maize, sorghum, groundnut, blackgram, chickpea | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Cropping Systems | Yield increase of sugarcane by irrigating the crop during navaratra | Farmers of Malshiras tehsil of Solapur and middle part of Ahmednagar district irrigate sugarcane crop during navaratra period. By this practice yield increases by 2 t/ha. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | sugarcane, irrigation, navaratra | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Farm implements | Seed bowl for sowing small and big seeded grains | Generally two separate seed bowls are used by the farmers to sow small- and big- seeded grains. A dual-purpose seed bowl is in use for sowing both small and big sized grains. In this system, the bowl is prepared as usual and one additional cylindrical part having three holes that fits inside the bowl makes the original hole small for sowing of small seeded grain. If this cylindrical part temporarily fitted inside the bowl is removed, big seeded grains can be sown. The implement is made of iron and it is durable, costing about Rs 500 per piece. The implement is in use in Katwan area of Sakri tehsil in Dhule district of Maharashtra. | dhule dist, Maharashtra | seed bowl, dual- purpose, small and big grains | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Grain and Storage and Management | Drying of sorghum ears after harvest for storage of grains | Farmers of north Solapur region of Solapur district leave the ears of sorghum after harvest for drying purpose. By this procedure, the moisture percentage of grains is reduced to a certain extent (9-10%) and there is no need of drying the grains after threshing. These grains can be stored after threshing. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | ear drying, moisture percentage | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Grain and Storage and Management | Effective storage of pulses | Farmers of Mohal and Madha tehsil of Solapur district store the pulse seeds like matki (kidneybean), pigeonpea, greengram and blackgram in iron pot (ghagar). The mouth of that pot is then closed with mud and it is kept on the roof of house in sunlight. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | matki, pigeonpea, greengram, blackgram, ghagar | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Grain and Storage and Management | Preservation of wood of baheda and harra in appropriate manner | Tribals of Akole tehsil of Ahmednagar district have specific technology for preserving the wood of baheda (Terminalia belerica) and harra (Terminalia chebula) without splittings, and maintaining the quality. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | wood preservation, baheda, harra, wood splitting | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Grain and Storage and Management | Storage of beans in ash | In pulse crops there is much infestation of stored grain pests. Therefore, good preservation of beans is a skill because the seed has to be stored for the next season sowing. The bean seeds are mixed with ash and stored in tin boxes. This results in good storability of grains | Maharashtra | beans, tin box, ash | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Grain and Storage and Management | Storage of food grains in bins made of bamboo and cotton sticks | Marginal farmers of Nanduabar, Dhule, Ahmednagar and Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra store food grains in bins for a long time in good condition without any incidence of storage pests. After sun drying of the grains, it is stored in bins made of bamboo and cotton sticks and covered with mud and cowdung slurry so as to make the bin airtight. In some areas neem leaves are also mixed with the grains while storing. | Dhule, Nandurbar, Ahmednagar, Jalgoan dist of Maharashtra | storage bin, bamboo and cotton sticks | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Grain and Storage and Management | Storage of pigeonpea mixed with ash for seed purpose | Pigeonpea seeds are dried well in sun and then mixed with ash (prepared from cowdung) in 2:1 proportion before sowing. This mixture is stored in earthen pot and the mouth of the pot is tied with cloth. It is removed from earthen pot 1 day before sowing, cleaned and sown. This practice is followed in tribal areas of Nandurbar and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra. | Nandurbar, Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | pigeonpea, cowdung ash, earthen pot | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Grain and Storage and Management | Storing of chickpea seed by using its husk in earthen bins | The tribal farmers of Nandurbar, Dhule and Ahmednagar districts store seeds of chickpea by using chickpea husk in earthen pots. The husk is spread at the bottom of the pot and over that a layer of seed is spread. In this manner alternate layers of husk and seed are laid in the pot. The mouth of the bin is covered with earthen lid which is made airtight by plastering with dung and mud. | Nandurbar, Dhule and Ahmedanagar dist of Maharashtra | chickpea seed, husk, earthen pot | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Grain and Storage and Management | Use of tuar katha (pigeonpea stalk) for storage of onion bulbs | Farmers of Barshi tehsil of Solapur district and Parner, Rahuri tehsils of Ahmednagar district use the stalk of pigeonpea to keep in the pile of the onion. Due to sufficient space left for ventilation, the storage quality of onion bulb increases, upto 4-5 months. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | pigeonpea, onion, ventilation | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Horticulture crops | Drenching of cowdung and cow urine for improving quality of pomegranate fruits | In Malshiras tehsil of Solapur district of Maharashtra the farmers use a mixture of 10 kg cowdung and 1 litre cow urine in 150 litres water. Farmers apply only 4-5 litres of this mixture as basal dose and the rest of the amount at flowering time. The quality of fruits of pomegranate improves. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | cowdung, cow urine, pomegranate | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Horticulture crops | Judging correlation of mango and neem fruit yield | Farmers of Solapur and Ahmednagar district assume that if the neem plants are having good flush of fruits, the mango plants will also have a similar production of fruits. It is a good indicator for bearing of mango fruits. | Solapur and Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | mango, alternate bearing, nutritional deficiency, trench, small fish | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Horticulture crops | Moving of gunny bag on the standing onion crop in foggy climate | Onion is the major vegetable crop of some pockets of Solapur and Ahmednagar districts both during kharif and rabi seasons. If the weather becomes foggy, there may be chances of blight disease in onion, which may cause heavy loss in crop yield. To avoid such losses, farmers move an empty gunny bag on leafy part of onion plants early in the morning or irrigate the crop early in the morning. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | onion crop, gunny bag, foggy climate, blight | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Horticulture crops | Preservation of garlic bulbs for home consumption in earthen pot | For home consumption, the garlic bulbs are preserved to retain their aroma, pungency and freshness in earthen pots. The bulb are stored in earthen pot and the mouth of the pot is tied with cloth. The garlic bulbs remain fresh for 1 year at very low cost. People of rural areas of Jalgaon and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra are using this preservation technique. | Jalgoan and Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | garlic bulb, earthen pot, preservation, freshness | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Horticulture crops | Spraying of a mixture of urine and water on chilli crop to control curling of leaves | After transplantation of chilli crop usually there is leaf curling problem. The farmers of Solapur region and adjoining part of Ahmednagar use a mixture of cow urine+ water in 1:1 ratio with a little quantity of detergent. This mixture is sprayed on chilli plants to control the problem easily. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | leaf curling problem, cow urine, detergent | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Horticulture crops | Spraying of hing (asafoetida) solution for the control of leaf curling in chilli | Newly transplanted chilli plants get infested with leaf-curl disease very quickly due to abrupt change in temperature and humidity. Farmers of Pandharpur and Solapur region spray hing (asafoetida) solution prepared in water (10 g hing in 100 litres water). About 2-3 sprayings with 15 days interval help to control leaf-curl disease of chilli. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | hing(asafoetida), leaf curling of chilli | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Horticulture crops | Storage of onion bulbs for long duration | After harvesting of onion, the bulbs are stored in a locally prepared structure made of wooden sticks or bamboo. By this the bulbs can be stored easily for 6-7 months | Maharashtra | onion bulb, wooden or bamboo structure | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Horticulture crops | Use of castor around the chilli crop | Chilli is grown by the farmers of each tehsil of Ahmednagar district. The flower drop during hot season is a great problem which results in less harvest of chilli. To overcome this problem, farmers grow castor around and in between chilli crop fordevelping cool microclimate. Due to this, flower drop is checked to some extent and optimum yield of chilli can be taken. | Maharashtra | castor, chilli, flower drop, cool microclimate | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Horticulture crops | Use of doob grass in grape garden for diluting the salty water used for irrigation | Farmers of Sangli, Pandharpur and Tasgaon tehsils of Solapur and Sangli districts use salty water for growing the grape plants in presence of doob grass. The doob grass has the capacity to dilute the saltiness of water and helps better growth of grape plants. The salts are needed for the growth of doob grass. | Solapur and Sangli dist of Maharashtra | doob grass, grape garden, dilute the salty water | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Horticulture crops | Use of trap crop to minimize pest damage in cabbage | To attract pests like sucking insects, bollworm and moths, plants like bhindi and mesta are used in cabbage crop, thereby the attack on main crop is reduced. These trap crops are grown either in strips or in mixed form.This practice is being followed in major vegetable- and cotton- growing areas of Ahmednagar distsrict. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | trap crop, bhindi, mesta, insect attracting | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Horticulture crops | Use of zero-energy chambers for cut flowers | In Parner tehsil (Ahmednagar district) some parts are famous for growing different types of flowers. But marginal farmers cannot afford to avail the facility of cold storage after cutting the flowers. To cope up with this situation, a brick chamber (of appropriate size) is prepared. The floor is filled with sand upto a certain height. It is watered frequently and thus the desired microclimate is developed in chambers and flowers can be preserved for 24-48 hr. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | cut flower, storage, zero-energy chamber, cold chamber, brick chamber | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of blister beetle on pearlmillet by using leaves of gidhan | Farmers in tribal area of Nandurbar and Dhule districts and Akole of Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra use a bad-odour plant to control the blister beetle in pearlmillet. A man moves around the pearlmillet field and rubs the leaves of gidhan on the affected pearlmillet plants. The beetles flee away due to bad odour. | Nandurbar and Dhule dist of Maharashtra | blister beetle, pearlmillet, gidhan, foul odour | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Dusting of ash, spraying of cow urine and kerosene +soap mixture for control of aphids, jassids and white fly on vegetable crops and cotton | The tribal farmers of Nandurbar and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra treat the seeds of vegetable crops by dusting ash and spraying of cow urine. It is very rarely applied on chilli, brinjal and cucumber to control aphids and jassids. Some farmers spray cow urine in cotton for control of aphids and jassids. In tribal areas some farmers also spray kerosene+soap on cotton crop to control whitefly attack. This is an economic practice and the cost involved is much less as compared to chemical insecticides. | nandurbar and Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | ash, cow urine, kerosene+soap mixture | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Dusting of pearlmillet flour to control pod borer in pigeonpea | Pearlmillet flour is kept in plastic bag and the bag is kept in compost pit for 2 days. Then the flour is dusted on pigeonpea for control of pod borer. The tribal farmers of Dhule and Nandurbar districts of Maharashtra are using this technique. | Dhule and Nandurbar dist of Maharashtra | pearlmillet flour, pod borer, pigeonpea, dusting | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Raising of sorghum as mixed crop in cotton as bird percher | In Jalgaon, Nadurbar, Dhule and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra, the farmers raise sorghum as a mixed crop scattered in cotton fileds. The grain of sorghum attracts the birds and served as a perch for the birds to reach the insects of cotton plants | Jalgon, Nandurbar, Dhule, Ahmedanagar dist of Maharashtra | sorghum, cotton, bird percher | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Rat control in wheat by using flowers/ inflorescence of Glyricidia plant | During rabi season there is much damage in wheat crop by rats. The tribal farmers of Dhule and Nandurbar districts of Maharashtra use flowers/inflorescence of Glyridicia plant for control of the rats in wheat fields. The rat holes are searched and the holes are covered with flowers/inflorescence of Glyricidia. Due to covering of rat holes, the rat trouble is reduced considerably. It is believed that due to coverage of rat holes by flowers/inflorescence of Glyricidia the rats migrate from wheat fields to somewhere else. | Dhule and Nandurbar dist of Maharashtra | rat control, flower/inflorescence, Glyricidia, rat hole, migration | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of bunch of hair to control rats in field | After combing, a bunch of hair is obtained by housewives. The tribal farmers of Nandurbar, Dhule and Ahmednagar districts use the hair to close the rat holes tightly. They are rabbed with the hair bunches and can not move. The rats are trapped in the hole and die due to starvation. | Nandurbar, Dhule and Ahmedanagar dist of Maharashtra | hair bunch, rat hole, starvation death | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of curd for seed treatment of chickpea for wilt control | In tribal areas of Nandurbar and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra, chickpea seeds are treated with curd before sowing. The curd is spread over the seeds just to smear it on the seed coat. It is dried under shade and then sowing is done. This practice reduces incidence of wilt in crop and 5-8% more yield is obtained. | nandurbar and Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | curd, chickpea, wilt | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of extract of neem leaves and parthenium to check infestation of Helicoverpa sp. | In Shirpur and Sindhkheda tehsils of Dhule district in Maharashtra, farmers use extract of neem leaves and Parthemiun sp. to control Helicoverpa sp. Parthenium and neem leaves are taken in equal quantity and dipped in water for 24 hours, after crushing them. The extracted solution @ 20 ml is sprayed in dilution with water in 10 litres water. | dhule dist, Maharashtra | neem leaves, Parthenium, Helicoverpa sp. | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of fermented pearlmillet flour in water to control Helicoverpa | Tribal farmers of Nandurabar district of Maharashtra use fermented pearlmillet flour to control Helicoverpa in cotton. About 10 kg pearlmillet flour is mixed with 200 litres water in plastic drum and it is kept for fermentation under the heap of compost for 8 days. After 8 days the solution is sprayed on cotton to check infestation of Helicoverpa. | Nandurbar dist, Maharashtra | fermented pearlmillet, Helicoverpa, cotton | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of flake for repelling birds from fields | In cereal-crop growing areas of Ahmednagar district, farmers use flake by which small stone is thrown away to a particular distance. By hearing the noise of stones the birds causing damage to grains of the crops are scared and flee away from the fields. One man/woman can cover and watch an area of 0.4-0.6 ha. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | bird watching, stone, noise | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of garlic and chilli extract to control pests in cotton | An extract is prepared using 500 g garlic and red chillies. The extract is added to 100 litres water, mixed with 200 g soap and sprayed on cotton to control sucking as well as other pests. This practice is in vogue in Dhule and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra. | Dhule and Ahmednagar dist Maharashtra | cotton, pests, garlic- chilli extract | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of inverted harrow at flowering stage to control pod borer | In north Solapur region of Solapur district pod borer (Heliothis armigera) is a major pest. To overcome this problem inverted harrowing is done at flowering to pod formation stage. The larvae that fall on the ground are smothered by load and killed. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | inverted harrow, pod borer, smother | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of mustard in wheat as a trap crop | Farmers of all tehsils of Solapur, Ahmednagar and Nasik districts sow mustard as a trap crop in wheat crop. Mustard is having too “much foliage, hence the sucking pests are diverted towards mustard crop and wheat is saved from these pests. | Solapur, Ahmednagar and Nasik dist, Maharashtra | mustard, wheat, foliage, sucking pest | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of neem seed powder to control bollworm and sucking pests of cotton, chilli and onion | About 5 kg neem seed is well dried in sun, ground to powder form and soaked in 10 litres warer for overnight. It is then added in 90 litres water and 500 g soap is added as sticker. This solution is sprayed on cotton, chilli and onion to control pests. Farmers of Nandurbar, Dhule, Jalgaon and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra are using this practice. | Nandurbar, Dhule, Jalgoan, Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | neem seed, cotton bollworm, chilli, onion | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of tobacco decoction to control cotton bollworm | Tobacco is soaked in water overnight. The extracted decoction is used for spraying to control bollworm in cotton. This practice is being followed in Dhule and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra. | Dhule and Ahmednagar dist Maharashtra | tobacco, decoction, cotton bollworm | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of traps to control rats | Farmers of Newasa tehsil of Ahmednagar district use PVC pipe for control of rats. PVC pipe is kept in vertical position and one stick is put parallel to the PVC pipe. Another bamboo is kept at 90 degree angle to the pipe. Rats can come freely to the mouth of PVC pipe, inside which baits/groundnut pods/maize cobs are kept. After eating, the rats cannot climb the pipe because it is very smooth. Next morning the trapped rats are killed. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | rat trap, PVC pipe, bamboo | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of waste light bars for repelling rats in berseem | Rat is a damaging pest prevalent in berseem fields. Rats make large holes in the field, which cause 20-30% loss of berseem fodder. To overcome this problem, farmers of Ahmednagar district install waste light bars in the fields. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | waste light bar, berseem, rat | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Plant Nutrition Management | Spraying of cow urine on sorghum crop | Farmers of Pandharpur tehsil of Solapur district do not follow recommended dose of fertilizers. This results in yellowing of leaves of sorghum at flag-leaf stage, thereby reducing the photosynthetic activity and leading to low harvest of grain yield. To overcome this problem, farmers spray cow urine in sorghum crop. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | : cow urine, sorghum, photosynthetic activity, flag leaf stage, fertilizers | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Seed management | Use of cowdung and mud slurry for seed treatment of desi cotton | Due to fuzzyness, it is difficult to sow cotton seed as such. To cope up with the problem, farmers of Dhule, Nandurbar, Jalgaon and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra, treat the cotton seed with cowdung and mud slurry. It facilitates easy sowing of cotton seeds. According to seed quantity, cowdung is mixed with soil in proper proportion to prepare a slurry to spread over the seed. The seeds are rubbed to apply slurry uniformly. It is then dried under shade. After drying, the seeds are sown. This treatment is given a day before sowing. It also helps in good germination, thereby giving 10% more yield. | Dhule, Nandurbar, Jalgoan, Ahmedanagar dist of Maharashtra | cowdung and mud slurry, cotton, fuzzy seed | Director of Extension Education Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Seed management | Use of cowdung and mud slurry for seed treatment of desi cotton | Due to fuzzyness, it is difficult to sow cotton seed as such. To cope up with the problem, farmers of Dhule, Nandurbar, Jalgaon and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra, treat the cotton seed with cowdung and mud slurry. It facilitates easy sowing of cotton seeds. According to seed quantity, cowdung is mixed with soil in proper proportion to prepare a slurry to spread over the seed. The seeds are rubbed to apply slurry uniformly. It is then dried under shade. After drying, the seeds are sown. This treatment is given a day before sowing. It also helps in good germination, thereby giving 10% more yield. | Dhule, Nandurbar, Jalgoan and Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | cowdung and mud slurry, cotton, fuzzy seed | Director of Extension Education Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Soil and water conservation | Use of wahate for in-situ moisture conservation | Farmers of drought-prone areas of Ahmednagar district follow some preparatory tillage operations, i.e. ploughing or harrowing in a specific manner, called wahate (C-shaped), across the slope. Due to this operation the ridges and furrows are formed and rain water is conserved partially or totally. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | wahate, rain-water conservation, tillage operation | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Soil and water conservation | Use of wahate for in-situ moisture conservation | Farmers of drought-prone areas of Ahmednagar district follow some preparatory tillage operations, i.e. ploughing or harrowing in a specific manner, called wahate (C-shaped), across the slope. Due to this operation the ridges and furrows are formed and rain water is conserved partially or totally. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | wahate, rain-water conservation, tillage operation | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Soil fertility management | Increment in NPK content due to thundering | It is a general assumption among the farmers of Pandharpur tehsil of Solapur district that before start of monsoon when there is thundering, there is increase in NPK content of soil. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | NPK content, thundering, monsoon | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 Page 51 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Soil fertility management | Use of amritpani to harvest bumper yields | Amritpani is being used by the farmers of Bhadgaon, Pachora and Jamner tehsils of Jalgaon district, and Kopargaon tehsil of Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. It increases microbial activities in the soil. Amritpani that is required for 1 acre is prepared by taking ½ kg ghee of desi cow, 10 kg cowdung and 1/2 kg honey in 200 litres water. At first ghee and cowdung are thoroughly mixed. Then ½ kg honey is added to this mixture and it is mixed well. This mixture is added in 200 litres water. It is stirred well and the ultimate product is called amritpani. The amritpani is spread over the soil before sowing of crop with the help of kuncha (very small bunch of neem tree). It is repeated at 15 days interval 3-4 times. It can be used for all crops and in all types of soils. In addition, FYM or compost is used once a year. | Jalgoan, Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | amritpani, ghee, cowdung honey, soil microbial activity | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Sowing | Sowing of rabi sorghum during Gokul Ashtami festival | Farmers of Ahmednagar district and Malshiras and Mangalsvedha tehsils of Solapur district adopt this practice of sowing during Gokul Ashtami festival. If the rain occurs during Swati nakshatra (during middle of November), it helps in better growth of crop at flag-leaf stage. This practice is very much remunerative to the farmers. | Ahmednagar and Solapur dist, Maharashtra | rabi sorghum, Gokul Ashtami, Swati nakshatra, flag- leaf stage | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Sowing | Use of proper sowing time for better germination of sorghum | Farmers of Barsi tehsil of Solapur district and rabi predominant area of Ahmednagar district sow sorghum crop (both irrigated and rainfed) during 15-30 September. During this period good germination of sorghum is observed. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | proper sowing time, better germination, sorghum crop, 15-30 September | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Sowing methods | Sowing of rabi sorghum during Gokul Ashtami festival | Farmers of Ahmednagar district and Malshiras and Mangalsvedha tehsils of Solapur district adopt this practice of sowing during Gokul Ashtami festival. If the rain occurs during Swati nakshatra (during middle of November), it helps in better growth of crop at flag-leaf stage. This practice is very much remunerative to the farmers. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | rabi sorghum, Gokul Ashtami, Swati nakshatra, flag- leaf stage | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Sowing methods | Sowing of tidaki, a local variety of maize to obtain good yield | In spite of the availability of hybrids, the tribal farmers of Dhule and Nandurbar districts of Maharashtra grow local variety of maize, viz., tidaki. It is sweeter as compared to other varieties. Its bhakri is tasty and it remains soft for long time. It is early maturing (75-80 days). It gives good yield even under drought conditions and requires less fertilizer. It is also resistant to pests and diseases and gives average grain yield of 25 q/ha. The quality of fodder is also good. | Nandurbar dist, Maharashtra | tidaki, maize, bhakri, sweet, drought resistant | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Sowing methods | Sowing of wheat at freezing stage of coconut oil | Wheat sowing is recommended during the period when cool temperature prevails. To obtain profuse tillering, wheat sowing is done when minimum temperature is 12-14 degree celcius. Farmer themselves have foundout solution for adjusting the time of sowing. It is the time when coconut oil starts freezing. Accordingly, wheat is sown in many districts of Maharashtra. Wheat sown during this time produces profuse tillering, thereby fetching good yields. | Maharashtra | freezing of coconut oil, sowing of wheat, profuse tillering, good yield | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Sowing methods | Use of proper sowing time for better germination of sorghum | Farmers of Barsi tehsil of Solapur district and rabi predominant area of Ahmednagar district sow sorghum crop (both irrigated and rainfed) during 15-30 September. During this period good germination of sorghum is observed. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | proper sowing time, better germination, sorghum crop, 15-30 September | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Weed management | Control of doob grass (Cynodon dactylon ) by growing rajgira (a minor millet) in infested field | For control of doob grass (Cynodon dactylon) farmers of Miraj, Tasgaon tehsils of Sangli district and middle portion of Ahmednagar district use deep ploughing. After deep ploughing the residues of weeds are collected and burnt. Then broadcasting of rajgira seed or sowing of rajgira as sole crop is done in the heavily infested area. It is thought that the exudation from roots of rajgira checks its growth. | Sangli and Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | doob, deep ploughing, rajgira | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Indigenous Knowledge | Complete opening of cotton bolls during full moonlight nights | It is a good indicator for farmers of Magalvedha tehsil of Solapur and Ahmednagar districts that if some full moonlight nights are observed continuously for some days during August and September, there is complete opening of cotton bolls. It is a good indicator for farming community and farmers arrange for picking of cotton hurriedly. | Solapur and Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | complete opening of cotton bolls, full moonlight | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of cotton pests by using jaggery | In cotton, small farmers of Pachora and Bhadgaon tehsils of Jalgaon district and Shevgaon and Newasa telsils of Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra use jaggery to control pests. Small jaggery particles are put at the bottom of a cotton plant. It helps increase the population of ants, which eat aphids, bollworms etc. Normally a numbers of sprayings are required to control cotton pests by using insecticides. Due to use of jaggery particles, the pests are controlled, which requires no technical skill and the cost involved is also quite little. | Jalgoan, Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | cotton, pest, jaggery particles, ant | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Control of diarrhoea in goats | During rainy season diarrhoea is a major problem among goats. Farmers of Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra tie a strip of cloth smeared with dung tightly on the tail of the goats. Due to tying of the strip it is believed that blood circulation becomes normal and diahorrea is prevented. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | diarrhoea, goat, cloth, blood circulation | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Weed management | Control of doob grass (Cynodon dactylon ) by growing rajgira (a minor millet) in infested field | For control of doob grass (Cynodon dactylon) farmers of Miraj, Tasgaon tehsils of Sangli district and middle portion of Ahmednagar district use deep ploughing. After deep ploughing the residues of weeds are collected and burnt. Then broadcasting of rajgira seed or sowing of rajgira as sole crop is done in the heavily infested area. It is thought that the exudation from roots of rajgira checks its growth. | Sangli dist, Maharashtra | doob, deep ploughing, rajgira | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of downy mildew of grapes by proportionate planting of marigold | The grape growers of Tasgaon tehsil of Sangli district grow some marigold plants around the periphery of grape garden. The alpha terginin chemical from rootlets of marigold flower plant exudates which helps to control the disease. | Sangli dist, Maharashtra | downy mildew, grape garden, alpha terginin | Technology, Jammu Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Physiological problems | Control of flower shedding in chilli and pigeonpea by using whey solution | Farmers of Taloda and Akkalduwa tehsils of Nandurbar district use a mixture of 10 litres whey, 10 litres water and 1 kg urea to control sheding of flowers in chickpea and pigeonpea. The solution is stirred well and sprayed at an interval of 20 days, 2-3 times which, prevents flower shedding. | Nandurbar dist, Maharashtra | flower shedding, chilli, pigeonpea, whey, urea | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of whitefly by using leaves of Lantana camara | Tribal farmers of Nandurbar district of Maharashtra use Lantana camara to control whitefly. About 3 kg leaves of Lantana camara are boiled in 20 litres water till the boiled material is reduced to 5 litres. After cooling, 15 ml of this extract is added in 15 litres water and sprayed on whitefly-affected crop at an interval of 15 days, 3-4 times. | Nandurbar dist, Maharashtra | whitefly, Lantana camara, leaf extract | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar(Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Curing foot and mouth disease in animals | To cure foot and mouth disease of animals, farmers of North Solapur education, of Solapur district and Ahmednagar district allow the animal to sit in the muddy water for some days. By this practice the excess body heat of animals gets subsided. | Solapur and Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | foot and mouth disease, muddy water, excess body heat | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Harvesting | Determination of appropriate harvesting time of cereal crops | For determining the time of harvest, farmers of north Solapur region of Solapur district bite randomly selected grains from a field for judging the proper harvesting time of cereal crops. Harvest at proper stage of crop has prime importance for achieving good quality and optimum yields. Some grains of the cereal crops are selected randomly and bitten to assess the hardening of the grains. If the grains attain proper hardening, they are ready for harvest. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | biting of grains, time of harvest, cereal crops | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Quality improvement | Drenching of cowdung and cow urine for improving quality of pomegranate fruits | In Malshiras tehsil of Solapur district of Maharashtra the farmers use a mixture of 10 kg cowdung and 1 litre cow urine in 150 litres water. Farmers apply only 4-5 litres of this mixture as basal dose and the rest of the amount at flowering time. The quality of fruits of pomegranate improves. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | cowdung, cow urine, pomegranate | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Post harvest management | Drying of sorghum ears after harvest for storage of grains | Farmers of north Solapur region of Solapur district leave the ears of sorghum after harvest for drying purpose. By this procedure, the moisture percentage of grains is reduced to a certain extent (9-10%) and there is no need of drying the grains after threshing. These grains can be stored after threshing. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | ear drying, moisture percentage | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Dusting of ash, spraying of cow urine and kerosene +soap mixture for control of aphids, jassids and white fly on vegetable crops and cotton | The tribal farmers of Nandurbar and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra treat the seeds of vegetable crops by dusting ash and spraying of cow urine. It is very rarely applied on chilli, brinjal and cucumber to control aphids and jassids. Some farmers spray cow urine in cotton for control of aphids and jassids. In tribal areas some farmers also spray kerosene+soap on cotton crop to control whitefly attack. This is an economic practice and the cost involved is much less as compared to chemical insecticides. | nandurbar and Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | ash, cow urine, kerosene+soap mixture | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Dusting of pearlmillet flour to control pod borer in pigeonpea | Pearlmillet flour is kept in plastic bag and the bag is kept in compost pit for 2 days. Then the flour is dusted on pigeonpea for control of pod borer. The tribal farmers of Dhule and Nandurbar districts of Maharashtra are using this technique. | Dhule and Nandurbar dist of Maharashtra | pearlmillet flour, pod borer, pigeonpea, dusting | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Storage | Effective storage of pulses | Farmers of Mohal and Madha tehsil of Solapur district store the pulse seeds like matki (kidneybean), pigeonpea, greengram and blackgram in iron pot (ghagar). The mouth of that pot is then closed with mud and it is kept on the roof of house in sunlight. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | matki, pigeonpea, greengram, blackgram, ghagar | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Feeding edible oil with camphor to animal for curing diarrhoea | Diarrhoea in animals can be cured easily by supplying them edible oil with camphor at the time of diarrhoea. | Maharashtra | edible oil, camphor, diarrhoea | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Feeding of locally prepared concentrates to get more milk | Farmers of Nandurbar, Ahmednagar and Dhule districts are using this technique. About 50 g urea, 50 g common salt, 10 g baking powder and 100 g jaggery are mixed well and this mixture is fed to the milking cattle once a day for higher milk yield. | nandurbar and Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | milking animal, urea, common salt, baking powder, Keywords: dummy calf, bhusa filling, calf mortality | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Growing zendu plant alongwith chilli, brinjal and tomato to control nematodes | In some parts of Dhule tehsil of Dhule district of Maharashtra, farmers sow zendu plant alongwith chilli, brinjal and tomato crops in the field simultaneously. Due to zendu plants there is no incidence of nematode. | dhule dist, Maharashtra | zendu, chilli, brinjal, tomato, nematode | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Post harvest management | Hanging of onion and garlic bulbs along with leaves, and maize cobs with covered leaves for seed storage | Small and marginal farmers of Dhule, Ahmednagar, Nandurbar and Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra preserve onion, garlic and maize for seed purpose by hanging on bamboo sticks covered with leaves. It is hanged from roof of the house. At the time of sowing the hanged material is taken and then the leaves are removed and used as seed for sowing. | Dhule, Ahmednagar, Nandurbar and Jalgoan dist, Maharashtra | onion and garlic bulbs, maize cobs, hanging, roof | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Human Health | Intake of earthworms and betel leaves for lack of breast milk | Women of tribal areas of Nandurbar and Dhule districts in Maharashtra are using this practice. In some mothers there is lack of breast milk during nourishment period. After delivery one earthworm in betel leaves is given for a week. It improves the breast milk of a nourishing mother. | Nandurbar, dhule dist, Maharashtra | earthworms, betel leaves, breast milk | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop Management | Intercropping of chilli with summer groundnut as strip crop for higher monetary returns | Chilli seeds are sown along with summer groundnut in 1:4 row ratio in January. Thinning is done in chilli after 30 days of sowing. After havest of summer groundnut in May, the hoeing and weeding are done to promote growth of chilli and it is continued up to July/August. The farmers fetch remunerative market price, as there is a demand for chilli during June to August. This practice is being followed since 10 years is some parts of Dhule and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra. | Dhule and Ahmednagar dist Maharashtra | chilli, summer groundnut, intercropping | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Indigenous Knowledge | Judging correlation of mango and neem fruit yield | Farmers of Solapur and Ahmednagar district assume that if the neem plants are having good flush of fruits, the mango plants will also have a similar production of fruits. It is a good indicator for bearing of mango fruits. | Solapur and Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | mango, neem, flush of fruits | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop Management | Moving of gunny bag on the standing onion crop in foggy climate | Onion is the major vegetable crop of some pockets of Solapur and Ahmednagar districts both during kharif and rabi seasons. If the weather becomes foggy, there may be chances of blight disease in onion, which may cause heavy loss in crop yield. To avoid such losses, farmers move an empty gunny bag on leafy part of onion plants early in the morning or irrigate the crop early in the morning. | Solapur and Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | onion crop, gunny bag, foggy climate, blight | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Post harvest management | Preservation of garlic bulbs for home consumption in earthen pot | For home consumption, the garlic bulbs are preserved to retain their aroma, pungency and freshness in earthen pots. The bulb are stored in earthen pot and the mouth of the pot is tied with cloth. The garlic bulbs remain fresh for 1 year at very low cost.People of rural areas of Jalgaon and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra are using this preservation technique. | Jalgoan and Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | garlic bulb, earthen pot, preservation, freshness | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Post harvest management | Preservation of wood of baheda and harra in appropriate manner | Tribals of Akole tehsil of Ahmednagar district have specfic technology for preserving the wood of baheda (Terminalia belerica) and harra splittings, and maintaining the quality. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | wood preservation, baheda, harra, wood splitting | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Terminalia chebula) without (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Putting dung-smeared cloth strip over the teats to prevent lambs from milk sucking | Free grazing of goats is a common practice in some pockets of Ahmednagar disrict. While grazing, lambs suck milk from teats and the milk yield is reduced. To overcome this problem, farmers tighten the cloth (smeared with dung) over the teats. Due to bad smell of dung, lambs do not suck milk. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | cloth strip, dung, milk sucking | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Rat control in wheat by using flowers/ inflorescence of Glyricidia plant | During rabi season there is much damage in wheat crop by rats. The tribal farmers of Dhule and Nandurbar districts of Maharashtra use flowers/ inflorescence of Glyridicia plant for control of the rats in wheat fields. The rat holes are searched and the holes are covered with flowers/inflorescence of Glyricidia. Due to covering of rat holes, the rat trouble is reduced considerably. It is believed that due to coverage of rat holes by flowers/inflorescence of Glyricidia the rats migrate from wheat fields to somewhere else. | Dhule and Nandurbar dist of Maharashtra | rat control, flower/ inflorescence, Glyricidia, rat hole, migration | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Farm implements | Seed bowl for sowing small and big seeded grains | Generally two separate seed bowls are used by the farmers to sow small- and big- seeded grains. A dual-purpose seed bowl is in use for sowing both small and big sized grains. In this system, the bowl is prepared as usual and one additional cylindrical part having three holes that fits inside the bowl makes the original hole small for sowing of small seeded grain. If this cylindrical part temporarily fitted inside the bowl is removed, big seeded grains can be sown. The implement is made of iron and it is durable, costing about Rs 500 per piece. The implement is in use in Katwan area of Sakri tehsil in Dhule district of Maharashtra. | dhule dist, Maharashtra | seed bowl, dual- purpose, small and big grains | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Spraying of a mixture of garlic extract and monocrotophos to control bollworm in cotton | Farmers of Sindhkheda and Shirpur tehsils of Dhule district and Kopargaon tehsil in Ahmednagar district are using this practice. Garlic bulbs are crushed and soaked in water to draw extract. This extract is added to monocrotophos and it is sprayed on cotton to control cotton bollworm. | Dhule and Ahmednagar dist Maharashtra | garlic extract, monocrotophos, cotton, bollworm | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Spraying of a mixture of urine and water on chilli crop to control curling of leaves | After transplantation of chilli crop usually there is leaf curling problem. The farmers of Solapur region and adjoining part of Ahmednagar use a mixture of cow urine+ water in 1:1 ratio with a little quantity of detergent. This mixture is sprayed on chilli plants to control the problem easily. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | leaf curling problem, cow urine, detergent | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Quality improvement | Spraying of cow urine to pomegranate crop for quality improvement of fruits | In Malshiras tehsil of Solapur district, pomegranate growers use a spray mixture of cow urine +water in 1:5 proportion. It is to achieve good-quality fruits and to improve resistance to pest and disease attack. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | cow urine, pomegranate, quality fruits, resistance to pest and disease attack | Director of Extension Education, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Spraying of hing (asafoetida) solution for the control of leaf curling in chilli | Newly transplanted chilli plants get infested with leaf-curl disease very quickly due to abrupt change in temperature and humidity. Farmers of Pandharpur and Solapur region spray hing (asafoetida) solution prepared in water (10 g hing in 100 litres water). About 2-3 sprayings with 15 days interval | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | hing(asafoetida), leaf curling of chilli | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Spraying of warding solution for control of pomegranate wilt | Pomegranate is a major dryland fruit crop most popular in certain areas of Solapur and Ahmednagar districts. Wilting is a major problem in this region. To control wilting, farmers spray the warding solution on pomegranate plants. | Solapur and Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | warding solution, pomegranate, wilting | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricul- tural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Storage | Storage of beans in ash | In pulse crops there is much infestation of stored grain pests. Therefore, good preservation of beans is a skill because the seed has to be stored for the next season sowing. The bean seeds are mixed with ash and stored in tin boxes. This results in good storability of grains | Maharashtra | beans, tin box, ash | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Storage | Storage of food grains in bins made of bamboo and cotton sticks | Marginal farmers of Nanduabar, Dhule, Ahmednagar and Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra store food grains in bins for a long time in good condition without any incidence of storage pests. After sun drying of the grains, it is stored in bins made of bamboo and cotton sticks and covered with mud and cowdung slurry so as to make the bin airtight. In some areas neem leaves are also mixed with the grains while storing. | Nandurbar, Dhule, Ahmednagar and Jalgoan dists of Maharashtra | storage bin, bamboo and cotton sticks | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Storage | Storage of onion bulbs for long duration | After harvesting of onion, the bulbs are stored in a locally prepared structure made of wooden sticks or bamboo. By this the bulbs can be stored easily for 6-7 months. | Maharashtra | onion bulb, wooden or bamboo structure | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Storage | Storage of pigeonpea mixed with ash for seed purpose | Pigeonpea seeds are dried well in sun and then mixed with ash (prepared from cowdung) in 2:1 proportion before sowing. This mixture is stored in earthen pot and the mouth of the pot is tied with cloth. It is removed from earthen pot 1 day before sowing, cleaned and sown. This practice is followed in tribal areas of Nandurbar and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra. | Nandurbar, Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | pigeonpea, cowdung ash, earthen pot | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Storage | Storing of chickpea seed by using its husk in earthen bins | The tribal farmers of Nandurbar, Dhule and Ahmednagar districts store seeds of chickpea by using chickpea husk in earthen pots. The husk is spread at the bottom of the pot and over that a layer of seed is spread. In this manner alternate layers of husk and seed are laid in the pot. The mouth of the bin is covered with earthen lid which is made airtight by plastering with dung and mud. | Nandurbar, Dhule and Ahmedanagar dist of Maharashtra | chickpea seed, husk, earthen pot | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 Page 62 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Treatment of foot and mouth disease of cattle by keeping fish on tongue and adding fish water in drinking water | It is a common and local practice in all the districts in the jurisdiction of Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri in Maharashtra. An animal suffering from foot and mouth disease is generally treated by keeping one fish on the tongue of animal and fish water is also added in the drinking water. The affected hoofs and digital space are washed with fish water. The disease is cured within a week. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | fish water, fish on tongue, foot and mouth disease | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Use of a mixture of chalk powder, kattha and ginger for controlling diarrhoea in animals | If an animal is suffering from diarrhoea then farmers of north Solapur region of Solapur district prepare a mixture of chalk powder, kattha and ginger. This mixture is fed to the animal orally. By this treatment diarrhoea can be kept under control totally or atleast partially. | Maharashtra | chalk powder, kattha, ginger, diarrhoea | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Use of amritpani to harvest bumper yields | Amritpani is being used by the farmers of Bhadgaon, Pachora and Jamner tehsils of Jalgaon district, and Kopargaon tehsil of Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. It increases microbial activities in the soil. Amritpani that is required for 1 acre is prepared by taking ½ kg ghee of desi cow, 10 kg cowdung and 1/2 kg honey in 200 litres water. At first ghee and cowdung are thoroughly mixed. Then ½ kg honey is added to this mixture and it is mixed well. This mixture is added in 200 litres water. It is stirred well and the ultimate product is called amritpani. The amritpani is spread over the soil before sowing of crop with the help of kuncha (very small bunch of neem tree). It is repeated at 15 days interval 3-4 times. It can be used for all crops and in all types of soils. In addition, FYM or compost is used once a year. | Jalgoan, Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | amritpani, ghee, cowdung honey, soil microbial activity | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Seed management | Use of ash to store seeds of cucumber, water melon and musk melon | Farmers of Mohal and Madha tehsil of Solapur district store the seeds of cucumber, water melon and musk melon by mixing in the ash. The extra moisture of the seeds is absorbed in the ash. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | cucumber, water melon, musk melon, seed, ash | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Use of bamboo leaf juice to control diarrhoea of animals | Due to diarrhoea disease the appetite of small kids get reduced and they become weak very shortly. Farmers of North Solapur region of Solapur district when observe that kids of animals are suffering from diarrhoea then they start to give bamboo leaf juice. This juice controls the diarrhoea problem. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | bamboo leaf juice, diarrhoea | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Use of bittergourd juice to heal wound in cattle | If the juice, extracted from the leaves of bittergourd, is applied on the wounds, caused by organisms in the cattle, the wound is healed after some days. | Dhule and Nandurbar dist of Maharashtra | bittergourd, wound healing | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of bunch of hair to control rats in field | After combing, a bunch of hair is obtained by housewives. The tribal farmers of Nandurbar, Dhule and Ahmednagar districts use the hair to close the rat holes tightly. They are rabbed with the hair bunches and can not move. The rats are trapped in the hole and die due to starvation. | Nandurbar, Dhule and Ahmedanagar dist of Maharashtra | hair bunch, rat hole, starvation death | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Use of Cassia tora flower extract to control diarrhoea in goats | During the onset of monsoon diarrhoea is very comon among goats. Many a times goats may die or lose their sturdiness. Farmers of north Solapur of Solapur district extract the flower juice of Cassia tora and feed it to goat. It is observed that diarrhoea can be kept under control. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | Cassia tora, flower extract, diarrhoea in goats, sturdiness | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of castor around the chilli crop | Chilli is grown by the farmers of each tehsil of Ahmednagar district. The flower drop during hot season is a great problem which results in less harvest of chilli. To overcome this problem, farmers grow castor around and in between chilli crop fordevelping cool microclimate. Due to this, flower drop is checked to some extent and optimum yield of chilli can be taken. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | castor, chilli, flower drop, cool microclimate | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of Choras calamos in banana garden to avoid snake problem | In banana-growing areas of Jalgaon district of Maharashtra there is problem of snake bite because snakes are often observed in banana garden. It is risky to move in the garden to perform various operations. To overcome this risk, some banana growers broadcast pieces of Choras calamos. The snakes migrate from the field to somewhere else. | Jalgon dist, Maharashtra | banana garden, snake, Choras calamos | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of cooked rice for control of pod borer in pigeonpea | To control pod borer in pigeonpea, the farmers of Malshiras tehsil of Solapur district and rural area of Jamkhed tehsil of Ahmednagar keep cooked rice on a circular dish the base of dish is attached to a peg like structure, which is inserted in the soil) to attract the birds. After eating the rice, birds watch the larvae and eat them. | Solapur, Ahmednagar and Nasik dist, Maharashtra | cooked rice, pigeonpea, circular dish | Director of Extension Education Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of curd for seed treatment of chickpea for wilt control | In tribal areas of Nandurbar and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra, chickpea seeds are treated with curd before sowing. The curd is spread over the seedsjust to smear it on the seed coat. It is dried under shade and then sowing is done. This practice reduces incidence of wilt in crop and 5-8% more yield is obtained. | nandurbar and Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | curd, chickpea, wilt | Shri Manohar Dan Bhatelie, Aagolie, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar(Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of doob grass in grape garden for diluting the salty water used for irrigation | Farmers of Sangli, Pandharpur and Tasgaon tehsils of Solapur and Sangli districts use salty water for growing the grape plants in presence of doob grass. The doob grass has the capacity to dilute the saltiness of water and helps better growth of grape plants. The salts are needed for the growth of doob grass. | Solapur and Sangli dist of Maharashtra | doob grass, grape garden, dilute the salty water | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Use of edible oil to cure tympany in animals | Farmers of north Solapur of Solapur district drench edible oil to cure tympany in animals. Sometimes when animals are allowed free grazing, they voraciously feed too much of green forage, toxic weeds or unwanted materials. After eating they feel uneasy and may die due to bloating of stomach. To cure this, farmers use feeding of 250 ml edible oil to animals. | Maharashtra | tympany, free grazing, toxic weeds | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of extract of neem leaves and parthenium to check infestation of Helicoverpa sp. | In Shirpur and Sindhkheda tehsils of Dhule district in Maharashtra, farmers use extract of neem leaves and Parthemiun sp. to control Helicoverpa sp. Parthenium and neem leaves are taken in equal quantity and dipped in water for 24 hours, after crushing them. The extracted solution @ 20 ml is sprayed in dilution with water in 10 litres water. | dhule dist, Maharashtra | neem leaves, Parthenium, Helicoverpa sp. | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of flake for repelling birds from fields | In cereal-crop growing areas of Ahmednagar district, farmers use flake by which small stone is thrown away to a particular distance. By hearing the noise of stones the birds causing damage to grains of the crops are scared and flee away from the fields. One man/woman can cover and watch an area of 0.4-0.6 ha. | Maharashtra | bird watching, stone, noise | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of garlic and chilli extract to control pests in cotton | An extract is prepared using 500 g garlic and red chillies. The extract is added to 100 litres water, mixed with 200 g soap and sprayed on cotton to control sucking as well as other pests. This practice is in vogue in Dhule and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra. | Dhule and Ahmednagar dist Maharashtra | cotton, pests, garlic- chilli extract | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Use of gulwel juice to control diarrhoea in animals | Farmers of north Solapur region of Solapur district give small dose of gulwel juice when the kids of animals suffer from diarrhoea. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | gulwel, diarrhoea | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of hing kada (asafoetida) to control microbes | There is a belief among the farmers of Solapur district that microbes of the field can be controlled by keeping hing kada (asafoetida) in the irrigation channel. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | microbes, irrigation channel, hing | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Use of leaf juice of Calotropis to cure eye diseases in animals | If the animal suffers from any disease of eyes, the farmers of north Solapur region of Solapur district use the juice of Calotropis for the eyes of animals. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | Calotropis leaf juice, eye disease | Director of Extension education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Use of lime juice-smeared animals in fields | Farmers of Ahmednagar district smearing lime juice on the outer base of the earthen pot (pitcher) and this pot is put in inverted position with the help of a stick. Due to reflection of light, the wild animals do not enter the field and the damages are minimized. About 10-12 pots are used for 1 acre. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | earthen pot, lime juice, stick, light reflection | Director of Extension of Maharashtra use the practice of Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of marigold plants to control leaf-curl virus in tomato | Farmers of Akkalkot tehsil of Solapur district grow marigold plants around the field of tomato plants to control leaf curl virus. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | marigold, tomato, leaf curl virus | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Crop Management | Use of mixed cropping to cover risk of failure | Tribal farmers of Nandurbar, Dhule and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra generally take mixed crops to cover the risk of crop failure of sole crop. They take nagali with maize, sorghum and pigeonpea. Pigeonpea is mixed with groundnut or vice- versa. Pulses like blackgram and chickpea are also mixed with sorghum/ maize. | Nandurbar, Dhule and Ahmedanagar dist of Maharashtra | mixed cropping, risk of failure, nagali, pigeonpea, maize, sorghum, groundnut, blackgram, chickpea | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of mustard in wheat as a trap crop | Farmers of all tehsils of Solapur, Ahmednagar and Nasik districts sow mustard as a trap crop in wheat crop. Mustard is having too much foliage, hence the sucking pests are diverted towards mustard crop and wheat is saved from these pests. | Solapur, Ahmednagar and Nasik dist, Maharashtra | mustard, wheat, foliage, sucking pest | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of neem seed powder to control bollworm and sucking pests of cotton, chilli and onion | About 5 kg neem seed is well dried in sun, ground to powder form and soaked in 10 litres warer for overnight. It is then added in 90 litres water and 500 g soap is added as sticker. This solution is sprayed on cotton, chilli and onion to control pests. | Nandurbar, Dhule, Jalgaon and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra | neem seed, cotton bollworm, chilli, onion | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Use of ridge gourd leaf juice for curing wounds of affected animals | Yok gall and other wounds are very common in draught animals. At the time of field operations animals get wounded. Farmers of north Solapur region. of Solapur district and western part of Ahmednagar district smear the leaf juice of ridge gourd on wounds of animals, which helps healing of the wounds. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | leaf juice, ridge gourd, yok gall, wounds | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Use of tamarind fruit juice for the control of diarrhoea in animals | When animal suffers from diarrhoea, the farmers of North Solapur region of Solapur district give fruit juice of tamarind with water to animals. Diarrhoea is controlled with this treatment. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | tamarind, diarrhoea | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri,. Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of tobacco decoction to control cotton bollworm | Tobacco is soaked in water overnight. The extracted decoction is used for spraying to control bollworm in cotton. | Dhule, Ahmednagar dist of Maharashtra | tobacco, decoction, cotton bollworm | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Use of tobacco or Calotropis leaf juice to flow out foreign material from eye of animal | Sometimes animals suffer from foreign material in eyes. Due to this the animal’s eyesight gets weaken and animals keep their eyes close for sometime or permanently. It may also result in losing of eyesight. The juice of leaves of tobacco or Calotropis is dropped into eyes of animal. Due to pungency of juice of Calotropis animal passes too much water from eyes and with this water foreign material comes out. | Solapur, ahmednagar dist of maharashtra | tobacco, Calotropis, leaf juice, foreign material in eye | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of trap crop to minimize pest damage in cabbage | To attract pests like sucking insects, bollworm and moths, plants like bhindi and mesta are used in cabbage crop, thereby the attack on main crop is reduced. These trap crops are grown either in strips or in mixed form.This practice is being followed in major vegetable- and cotton- growing areas of Ahmednagar distsrict. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | trap crop, bhindi, mesta, insect attracting | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of traps to control rats | Farmers of Newasa tehsil of Ahmednagar district use PVC pipe for control of rats. PVC pipe is kept in vertical position and one stick is put parallel to the PVC pipe. Another bamboo is kept at 90 degree angle to the pipe. Rats can come freely to the mouth of PVC pipe, inside which baits/groundnut pods/maize cobs are kept. After eating, the rats cannot climb the pipe because it is very smooth. Next morning the trapped rats are killed. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | rat trap, PVC pipe, bamboo | Director of Extension, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Storage | Use of tuar katha (pigeonpea stalk) for storage of onion bulbs | Farmers of Barshi tehsil of Solapur district and Parner, Rahuri tehsils of Ahmednagar district use the stalk of pigeonpea to keep in the pile of the onion. Due to sufficient space left for ventilation, the storage quality of onion bulb increases, upto 4-5 months. | Ahmednagar, Solapur dist, Maharashtra | pigeonpea, onion, ventilation | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of waste light bars for repelling rats in berseem | Rat is a damaging pest prevalent in berseem fields. Rats make large holes in the field, which cause 30% loss of berseem fodder. To overcome this problem, farmers of Ahmednagar district install waste light bars in the fields. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | waste light bar, berseem, rat | Director of Extension Education, 20- Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Animal Husbandry | Use of wood apple fruit to control diarrhoea in animals | Farmers of north Solapur region of Solapur district use the epicarp of wood apple to feed the animal suffering from diarrhoea. | Solapur dist, Maharashtra | wood apple fruit, diarrhoea | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2303 | Storage | Use of zero-energy chambers for cut flowers | In Parner tehsil (Ahmednagar district) some parts are famous for growing different types of flowers. But marginal farmers cannot afford to avail the facility of cold storage after cutting the flowers. To cope up with this situation, a brick chamber (of appropriate size) is prepared. The floor is filled with sand upto a certain height. It is watered frequently and thus the desired microclimate is developed in chambers and flowers can be preserved for 24-48 hr. | Ahmednagar dist, Maharashtra | cut flower, cold storage, zero-energy chamber, brick chamber | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2311 | Pest and Disease Management | Setting of biological traps to control red hairy caterpillar in castor | “The practices enumerated by Dr. S. Subba Reddy and Singh are mentioned below (a) Control of red hairy caterpiller: Some farmers of Medak and Nalgonda districts of Andhra Pradesh spread twigs of aak (Calotropis procera) and Jatropha sp on field boundaries to control red hairy caterpillar. While feeding on the traps, the larvae of the pest are collected and destroyed with kerosene. The alkaloid present in Calotropis and Jatropha acts as a repellent | Telangana | biological trap, red hairy caterpillar, castor | Dr G. Subba Reddy and Dr H. P. Singh, Central Research Institute for dryland Agriculture, Santosh Nagar, Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) 500 059 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2321 | Rainwater Management | Use of surface-bed irrigation system to supplement rainfall | In the hilly regions, the annual rainfall is fairly heavy and well distributed. The rainfall is supplemented by irrigation to tide over the dry periods. This is done by surface-bed irrigation in whole of the Himachal Pradesh. The bed-irrigation method involves proper levelling of the field, after which the water is directed into beds of convenient sizes through small channels. The water is allowed to soak in the first pair of beds and then turned to the next pair; it continuous to flow until all the beds are irrigated. | Himachal Pradesh | surface bed irrigation, dry periods, small channel | Dr T. R. Nandal Vegetable Scientist RARC Dhaulakuan Sirmour (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2322 | Rainwater Management | Conservation of rain water in small ponds | The rain water is conserved by digging a small pond of 1/8th (0.05 ha) acre, size. The water is used for irrigating the garden plants after the rainy season, i.e. from January to March. The farmers of Haripur village of Puri district in Orissa are using small ponds for irrigation since 10 years. | Odisha | small ponds, conserving water | Ms Bishnu Priya Mishra, Training Associate (Extension Education), KVK Ganjam, Bhanjanagar (Orissa) 761 126 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2323 | Soil and water conservation | Checking of soil erosion by growing trees along the fields | Growing of trees along the field is a very old traditions in the village. By introducing trees like grewia, kachnar etc and timely intercultural operation lead to soil and moisture conservation. Undulating topography and poor percolation of water due to poor vegetative cover contribute to soil erosion. In this practice, the trees are grown along the field, which reduce the wind velocity and intensity of sunlight, and thus help in reducing moisture evaporation. People of Baldhar village of Kangra district in Himachal Pradesh have been using this practice, for a long time | Himachal Pradesh | soil erosion, grewia, kachnar, soil and moisture conservation | Shri Rajeev Kumar Room no 32 D NBH II Hostel Himachal Pradesh University Summer hill Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2324 | Soil and water conservation | Control of soil erosion due to wind | To control erosion of soil by wind, tree plantation, wall construction and cane planting are done. Trees used for this purpose are palas, canes, sindwar, datepalm etc. Farmers of Barmasa village are following this practice since time immemorial. | Jharkand | soil erosion, wind, plantation | Shri Barooplal Singh Barmasa, Sahra Dumka (Jharkhand) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2325 | Soil and water conservation | Soil and water conservation by plantation | For soil and water conservation, the farmers of Barmasa village of Dumka district in Jharkhand plant shrubs, grasses and trees near the river, pond etc. to reduce run-off and soil loss. Plants like neem (Azadirachta indica), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp) and palas (Butea monosperma) are planted on the bank of the river and pond, which act as barriers to wind. | Dumka dist, Jharkand | soil and water conservation, plantation, river, pond | Shri Baroop Lal Singh Barmasa, Sahra Dumka (Jharkahand) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2326 | Weed management | Weed control in vegetable crops by using common salt | About 1 kg common salt (NaCl) is dissolved in 10 litres water and sprayed over the vegetable field to control weeds. Salt helps in destroying the roots of weeds along with the whole plant. Thus weed control is done successfully. | Odisha | weed control, vegetable crops, common salt | Ms Mamata Mohapatra L-294, Baramunda, Housing Board Colony, Bhubaneswar (Orissa) 751 003 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2327 | Soil and water conservation | Traditional field preparation for paddy cultivation | During the main field preparation the bunds are trimmed well and plastered to avoid weed growth. In the main field, the bund is plastered twice i.e. one week before transplanting and on the day of transplanting. This is in practice for 35 years. | Tamil Nadu | field preparation, paddy, plastering the bund, weed control | Shri M. Periasamy Kuttathotam, Pokkapalayam, Kumarmangalam, Namakkal (Tamil Nadu) 637 205 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2328 | Weed management | Weed control in paddy by application of kochila leaves | The villagers of Anadpur in Keonjhar district of Orissa have been using this practice since time immemorial. The leaves and small twigs of kochila (Struchnos nuxvomica) are applied before land preparation, and are subsequently incorporated into the soil to control weeds. Secretion of kochila twigs suppresses the weeds inside the soil. About 50-60 % weed control is achieved by this method. | Keonjhar dist, Odisha | weed control, kochila leaves, soil incorporation | Ms Sarbani Das 1068/32, Shatabdi Nagar, Unit 8 Bhubaneswar (Orissa) 751 003 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2329 | Soil and water conservation | Land preparation for paddy cultivation | Six ploughings are done in the main field before transplanting of paddy seedlings. Initially the land is ploughed thrice, levelled and irrigated. After the fourth day of irrigation, the land is ploughed three times and again irrigated, and green manuring is done. A wooden levelling board is used to level the main field after ploughing just before transplanting to avoid small stagnant pools. Farmers of Pokkapalayam village are using this technique since the last 20 years. | Tamil Nadu | paddy cultivation, frequent ploughing, green manuring | Shri K. Perisamy Kuttathootam, Pokkampalyam, Kumarmanglam, Namakkal (Tamil Nadu) 637 205 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2330 | Weed management | Weed management through interculture | This practice is being used for more than 20 years. In clay soils where summer ploughing is not possible, the field is wetted and the weed seeds are allowed to germinate. Then the field is ploughed and the weeds are incorporated into the soil. This is done before sowing or transplanting of rice crop to control weeds. | Tamil Nadu | ploughing, weed management | Shri M. Periasamy Kuttathotan, Pokkanpalayan, Kumarmangalam, Namakkal (Tamil Nadu) 637 205 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2331 | Soil and water conservation | Crushing of clods of soil with wooden hammer (bharrotta) | When a fine-grained soil is cultivated in wet condition, the structure of the soil is disturbed. On drying, this soil turns into hard clods, due to cohesion of dispersed particles in the puddled soil. Paddy lands where the soil must be worked in standing water to make a puddle bed for transplanting the paddy seedlings, generally suffer from this problem. The breaking of clod is a laborious task, involving considerable amount of time. Wooden hammers are used to break the clods. The clods must be broken down before commencing the sowing operations. The clods break into fragments with first few cultivations done with the flow. The harder clods are crushed under a levelling board, sohaga. This is being practised throughout the hilly area of Himachal Pradesh since time immemorial. | Himachal Pradesh | hammer (bharrotta), sohaga, clods | Shri Bivinder Chand Katoch, Research Fellow, Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2332 | Crop Management | Mixing of mustard seed with friable soil for uniform broadcast of seed in the field | The mustard seed, being very small in size, is difficult for the farmers to broadcast uniformly in the field. So the seed is mixed with soil and then broadcast. The practice is advantageous in maintaining uniformity in the broadcast of seed. This also helps in sowing seeds uniformly in the field, which in turn results in uniform plant population. This technique involves no cost at all and is skill-oriented. | Himachal Pradesh | friable soil, uniform broadcast | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2333 | Cropping Systems | Intercropping of wheat and maize along with mustard and sesame | Intercropping is a very useful and important method to enhance the crop yield and overcome the problem of insect-pest attack. This practice is used by the farmers of Baldhar village of Kangra district in Himachal Pradesh. By intercropping more than one crop is grown in the same field and farmers get both cereals as well as oilseeds or pulses. Mustard (Brassica campestris) is taken along with wheat, and sesame (Sesamum inidcum) with maize (Zea mays) as intercrops. In this practice, first ploughing is done in fallow field to remove the previous crop residue and to conserve the moisture of the field. When field receive sufficient rain, the second ploughing is done and wheat is sown. Mustard seeds are broadcast in wheat field, as it protects the wheat crop from insect pest attack. Similarly sesame is sown along with maize. By this practice farmers get two crops in the same field and in the same season. | Himachal Pradesh | intercropping, pest control, higher yield | Shri Rajeev Kumar Room no 32 D, NBH II Hostel Himachal Pradesh University, Summer hill, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2334 | Weed management | Control of congress grass weed by application of kerosene oil | At flowering stage of congress weed, farmers of Udhampur district of Jammu Kashmir spray kerosene oil on it. As a result, it is completely dried. However, this practice is to be supplemented/ integrated with other weed control measures for complete measure. | jammu kashmir | congress grass weed, kerosene oil | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2335 | Nursery management | Use of over-aged rice seedlings with topping and more number of seedlings per hill | When seedlings become over-aged due to some reasons, the farmers use topped seedlings (1/3 from top) @ 4-5 seedlings per hill. This is to compensate growth loss and to induce vigour. For kar (June-Sep) rice close spacing and for pisanam (October – December) rice wider spacing is practised. The farmers are using over-aged seedlings efficiently since 8 years. | Tamil Nadu | over-aged rice seedlings, topping, more seedlings per hill, kar rice, pisanam rice | Shri P. Boominathan No 20 Annanagar, Burmoadong, Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu) 613 006 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2336 | Seed management | Use of burnt rice husk to increase germination | Dry seeds of rice are sown in raised beds and irrigated. The seed bed is covered with burnt rice husk, which conserves moisture, prevents evaporation loss, protects seeds from direct sunlight and creates anaerobic condition, thereby increasing the germination. The practice has been in use for 10 years. | Tamil Nadu | burnt rice husk, moisture conservation, anaereobic condition, germination | Shri P. Boominathan No 20, 20th Street, Annanagar Burmadong, Thanjavaur (Tamil Nadu) 613 006 Page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2337 | Seed management | Use of goat-dung to increase germination percentage of fresh paddy seeds | French paddy seeds (30 days old), are soaked in goat-dung solution for 1 day for better germination. It is believed that this practice strengthens the seeds and break the dormancy. This practice is being used by the farmers of Sundaram Nagar in Tamil Nadu since 10 years. | Tamil Nadu | goat-dung solution, fresh rice seeds, germination | Shri Arun Kumar No-3, Seventh Street, Sundaram Nagar, Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu) 613 004 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2338 | Crop management | Increasing frequency of irrigation to avoid heat- induced effect in rice | While growing summer rice, the water in the field is heated due to high solar radiation . This condition, especially during the tillering phase, adversely affects tiller formation and also the health of the plants. To avoid such a condition, the farmers increase the frequency of irrigation, so that hot water is drained out and cool water either from the channel or from the well is impounded in the field. This practice is followed until the interspaces are covered by foliage. This is being practiced since 10 years. | irrigation frequency, heat losses, solar radiation | Shri R. Subramaniam 1/124 Rangamapet, Pappireddipatti, Dharmapuri (Tamil Nadu) 636 905 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2339 | Seed management | Uniformity in germination and sprouting of paddy seedlings | Mats of paddy straw are placed one by one in a container (bamboo or tin), 30-45 cm in diameter and 2 feet in height. The seeds are placed over each mat and the other mat is kept over it. These mats are tied tightly in a criss-cross manner. This whole unit is called kottam. It is left in the corner of the house in shade for nearly 24 hr. Next day the kottam is carried to the field for sowing. By this method there is uniform germination and sprouting. Farmers are using kottam since 5 years. | paddy seeds, kottam, paddy-straw mat | Shri R. Subramaniam 1/124 Rangamapet, Pappireddipatti, Dharmapuri (Tamil Nadu) 636 905 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2340 | Cropping Systems | Mixed cropping in kharif | Different crop mixtures are sown by people of hilly area of Himachal Pradesh with several advantages like food diversification, maximum utilization of soil nutrients, crop productivity enhancement and prevention of insect attacks. Leguminous and non-leguminous crops may grow well when sown in mixture. A combination of shallow and deep rooted crops also show good performance. Ladies finger (Hibiscus esculentus), cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and gourds are grown as mixture with maize as kharif crops. Maize is also sown with sunflower (Helianthus annus), karela (Mimordica charantia), kangeri (Cucunbita spp) and ghiya (Luffa acutangula) as mixed crops. | mixed cropping, kharif , maize, cucumber, gourds, ladies finger, sunflower | People of Himachal Pradesh at large Communicated by: Prof L. R. Verma Department of Bio-Sciences Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2341 | Nursery management | Use of semi-dry condition to raise pest and disease – free paddy nursery | Farmers of Kottaikadu village in Tamil Nadu are using this practice since 20 years. Nursery is raised under semi-dry condition so that the crop can withstand pest and disease attacks as well as drought condition. For cultivating 1 acre, a nursery is raised in 5 cents area. | semi-dry condition, pest and disease attack, drought, paddy nursery | Shri S. Marimutthu, Kottaikadu Kalagam, Peravurani, Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu) 614 804 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2342 | Weed management | Control of weeds in paddy crop by management techniques | For controlling weeds in paddy, many farmers of Bulandshahar and Aligarh districts of Uttar Pradesh dip the seeds of paddy in salted water before sowing. The floating seeds are discarded along with the seeds of weeds. The water is drained out and the healthy seeds are kept in gunny bags for 24 hours for germination. The germinated seeds are broadcast in the field, where 2-3 inches (5-7.5 cm) standing water is maintained. Weed seeds fail to germinate under this condition. By using this practice, 70-80% weeds are reduced in the paddy crop. This practice is in use for the last 70- 80 years. | weed control, paddy crop, management techniques, broadcast, weed seed | Shri Suraj Pal Singh Nayabas Kutabpur, Dibai, Bulandshahar (Uttar Pradesh) 202 393 Page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2343 | Cropping Systems | Intercropping of corn and chillies for increased production | This intercropping is followed in some parts of Theog tehsil of Shimla district in Himachal Pradesh. Corn is planted at a row spacing of 100 cm x 15 cm with a plant density of 4,500 plant rows per 0.15 ha. Two rows of chilli are planted between corn in 30 cm x 30 cm spacing. The density of chili is @ 4,500 rows per 0.15 ha. After land preparation, organic manure is applied with phosphorus and nitrogen(1:2/3). There are some advantages from this intercropping: no cost is involved, less time consuming, increased soil fertility, two crops at the same time and extra income from the crop of chilli. | chilli, corn, phosphorus, nitrogen | Shri Deep Ram Verma, Ghaghri, Theog Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 201 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2344 | Weed management | Use of deodar branches to control paddy weeds | This practice is followed in hilly areas of Jammu and Kashmir, where paddy is cultivated. Deodar (Cidar deodara) branches along with matured leaves are Eevenly spread over the field. When the weeds come in contact with the branches and leaves, the oil present in deodar branches and leaves work as a weedicide and eliminate the weeds in paddy field. | deodar branches, weedicide, weeds | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-Eevenly Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2344 | Weed management | Use of deodar branches to control paddy weeds | This practice is followed in hilly areas of Jammu and Kashmir, where paddy is cultivated. Deodar (Cidar deodara) branches along with matured leaves are Eevenly spread over the field. When the weeds come in contact with the branches and leaves, the oil present in deodar branches and leaves work as a weedicide and eliminate the weeds in paddy field. weeds | deodar branches, weedicide, weeds | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-Eevenly Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2345 | Mulching | Mulching of mustard field with cowdung | Mustard field is mulched by spreading with a thin layer cowdung during December, just before the snow fall, taking proper Education, care that cowdung is evenly and properly spread throughout field. The mulching helps to moderate temperature and protect the plants. Thus the plant is survived during the flowering period from adverse effects of snowfall and frost. It helps to conserve moisture, reduce evaporation and improve physical conditions of the soil by increasing its organic matter content. This is practiced in hilly areas of Jammu and Kashmir. | mulching, layer of cowdung, Etemperature | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher- Etemperature Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province J&K State) Documenta tion and Validation Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documenta tion and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher- Etemperature Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2346 | Seed management | Use of bhang leaves for germination of paddy seed | Treating paddy seed with bhang is effective in paddy seed germination and this treatment is common in temperate areas of Jammu and Kashmir where Etemperature during nursery raising is low. Green leaves of bhang (Cannabis sativa) are ground and the sap is extracted. Paddy seed is put in a container containing water and the extracted sap is mixed in the container. About 250 ml sap is effective for the purpose, probably because of rise in temperature owing to bhang sap in water. Bhang is a local growing herb and Eits sap extraction is a very simple process. The technique is neither intricate nor involves much costs. Keywords: paddy seed germination, bhang sap | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher- Etemperature Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province J&K State) Documenta tion and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-Eits Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2347 | Cropping Systems | Mixed cropping of wheat, mustard and pea | The practice of sowing wheat mixed with mustard and pea is prevalent in wheat and mustard growing belt of Jammu region (Jammu and Kashmir). These crops are different with respect to their adaptability and potential to cope stress Agriculfollowing outbreak of diseases, attack of pest or even adverse climatic conditions. Thus the intergeneric differences of the crops would ensure that in the eventuality of any such occurrence, one or the another crop may suffer but still others will sustain. | mixed crop, intergeneric differences, risk avoidance | Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricul tural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-EKashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2348 | Wild Animals Management | Tin beating for protecting maize crop from wild animals | In Kandi areas of Jammu region, monkey and neel cows are very common. When the maize cobs are at milky stage, monkeys and neel cows (antilop) Eattack the crop and destroy it. In order to check the attack, farmers of Jammu and Kathua districts in Jammu and Kashmir beat tin peepa at night. Though this practice creates drudgery to the farmers, as they have to remain awake during night but is quite effective in saving the crop from animals. | tin beating, peepa, neel cow, maize cob, monkey | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-Eattack Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collec- tion, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2349 | Seed management | Germination test for paddy seeds | A handful of seeds are tied in a white cloth and soaked in water for 12 hours. It is kept in a dark place for 24 hours to test germination. In another method sand is filled in a coconut shell. In this shell 10-20 seeds are put for testing germination. Farmers of Reddypallayam village in Tamil Nadu have been using these practices since 10 years. | germination, paddy seeds, coconut shell, sand | Shri J. Mariayyah Vengasamy Nagar, Reddy Palayam, Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu) 613 004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2350 | Cropping Systems | Mixed cropping of groundnut, sorghum, pearlmillet, pigeonpea and castor | It is an age-old practice in Penugonda mandal of Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. Mixed cropping with groundnut reduces the risk of failure of crop under rainfed condition. Castor serves as a trap crop for spodoptera. Sorghum or pearlmillet serves as a guard crop. Since pigeonpea is a slow-growing crop in the early stages, it offers less competition to groundnut. Even if groundnut fails, some returns will be obtained from pigeonpea. | mixed cropping, risk distribution | Krishi Vigyan Kendra Reddipalli, Anantapur (Andhara Pradesh) 515 701 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2351 | Seed management | Germination test of paddy seeds | Paddy straw is tied together and made in the form of a mat. Paddy seeds are kept in the centre of the mat, and it isrolled and tied. It is dipped in water for a minute and the seeds are transferred in a bottle, which is made air-tight. After 24 hr, it is taken and counted for germination. In another practice, wet gunny bag is folded once and paddy seeds are kept between the two layers. It is kept in dark place for 1 day. Germination is checked on the next day. | germination test, paddy straw, gunny bag | Shri J. Mariayyah Vengasamy Nagar, Reddypalayan, Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu) 613 004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2352 | Cropping Systems | Growing of indigenous tree oei (Albizzia chinensis) along with tea crops | Growing of tea crops is a common practice in the Kangra valley. Crops are grown along with Albizzia chinensis (oei) which is an indigenous tree. It is planted along the marginal land and sloppy area.In this practice oei (Albizzia chinensis) is grown with tea crops. Oei trees are grown in equal spacing to provide shade to newly grown tender plants and leaves of the crop as the newly grown tender plants and leaves show optimum growth at a temperature of 23-26 ºC. This ITK is used throughout tree growing area in Kangra valley of Himachal Pradesh. | Albizzia chinensis, tea | Shri Bovinder Chand Katoch Research Fellow, Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2353 | Sowing methods | Use of proper sowing time to increase yield of paddy | Farmers of Annanagar village of Tamil Nadu transplant paddy on the 15th day of Tamil month on aavani (31 August) since 15 years. It ensures good harvest of the crop. Transplanting during October-November is not advisable, as the yield is reduced. Transplanting in rows along the wind direction is done for better performance. | paddy cultivation, sowing time, avian, wind direction | Shri M. Selvendrum 282 Annanagar, Kulithalai, Tiruchirapalli (Tamil Nadu) 639 104 Page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2354 | Seed management | Mixing of paddy seeds with cow dung before sowing | Mixing paddy seeds with cow dung is a common cultural practice of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir. In this practice, seed is properly mixed with Ecow dung before sowing. The mixing of the seed with cow dung becomes doubly advantageous. First, it protects the seed from birds whenever the nursery is dry, and secondly it acts as manure for the seed. | paddy seeds, cow dung, manure | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-Ecow Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2355 | Nursery management | Use of ash to protect paddy nursery against adverse weather | This is practised in the surrounding areas of Gooty of Anantapur district in Andhra Pradesh. In late kharif season, if there is any likelihood of heavy rain and there are pre-germinated paddy seeds, ash is sprayed in nursery beds. Ash acts as a cementing layer and prevents toppling of seedlings and also accumulation of seedlings on one side. | paddy nursery, cyclone, heavy rain, ash, cementing agent | Krishi Vigyan Kendra Reddipalli, Anantapur (Andhara Pradesh) 515 701 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2356 | Cropping Systems | Mixed cropping of maize with soybean | Mixed cropping of maize with soybean is a useful cropping system. Soybean is a leguminous crop, which helps in nitrogen fixation in the soil and increases soil fertility. Mixed cropping of maize and soybean is commonly adopted by the farmers of Mashal village in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. In this system, first ploughing is done to remove the residues of previous crop and the field is ploughed again after receipt of rain. Maize and soybean seeds are broadcast uniformly. Sowing of maize and soybean is done in the first week of June and both the crops are harvested during September- October. Mixed cropping is beneficial to farmers, as it minimises insect-pest attack and more than one crop is grown in a particular field. | nitrogen fixation, residues, mixed cropping, leguminous crops | Shri Rajeev Kumar Room no 32 D, NBH II Hostel, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer hill, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2357 | Seed management | Use of edible oil for seed treatment | Some indigenous practices of seed treatment have proved very fruitful to the farmers since long. Among such practices, one popularly prevalent method in use is the treatment of seeds with edible oil. Under this practice, seed is soaked with edible oil before sowing. Oil acts as a barrier and prevents attack from lower organism such as fungi and bacteria, as it cannot be easily weathered and degraded by such organisms. The practice of treating seed with edible oil is being popularly adopted by the farmers in Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir | edible oil, seed treatment, fungi and bacteria | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricul tural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documenta tion and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E Kashmir University of Agricultural Scienc | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2358 | Cropping Systems | Use of different crops in rotations | Farmers of Himachal Pradesh grow different types of vegetables, pulses and cereals under this technique. They exchange their vegetables/ pulses or other products on the basis of their family requirements and needs. It provides opportunity for proper utilization of soil nutrients and enhances soil fertility and income of the farmers. There are two main seasons of growing crops. The kharif season correspond to late summer months and harvested in autumn. The rabi season correspond to the winter months and harvested in the spring. In between these two main seasons, additional crops are raised where conditions permit. These are known as zaid kharif or zaid rabi crops. | kharif, rabi, zaid, crop rotation, cropping season | People of Himachal Pradesh at large Communicated by: Prof L. R. Verma Department of Bio-Sciences, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2359 | Seed management | Seed treatment with ash and cow dung | Crops suffer a greater amount of loss due to seed borne diseases and infestation of insect pest. Treating the seeds before it is sown with a mixture of ash and cow dung effectively prevents the attack by pests and diseases. Ash acts as a mechanical barrier to pests and pathogens. This also helps to reduce the moisture present in seed by absorbing it. The technique is extensively prevalent in whole of the Jammu and around the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir. | seed treatment, seed borne disease, ash and cow dung mixture, mechnical barrier | Communicated by: Dr M. D. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2360 | Cropping Systems | Mixed cropping in rabi | In rabi, wheat (Triticum vulgare), sarson (Brassica campestris), gram (Cicer arietinum), loki (Luffa cyllindrica) and pea (Pisum sativum) are sown in the same area as mixed crops. This is beneficial to practice on small farm unit for the cultivators to obtain food diversification and useful to maintain soil fertility by sowing the leguminous crops with non -leguminous crops. It is practiced in whole of the hilly area of Himachal Pradesh since time immemorial. | mixed cropping, rabi , wheat, sarson, gram, loki, pea | People of Himachal at large Communicated by: Prof L. R. Verma Department of Bio-Sciences Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2361 | Crop Management | Growing of maize as grain and fodder crop | Usually this practice is common in maize growing areas of Jammu region (Jammu and Kashmir). Instead of sowing seeds @ 2kg/kanal, the seed is sown at a much higher rate @ 5-6 kg/kanal. Thinning in maize is done one month after sowing to pick-up the undesired plants. The desired population is raised for grain purpose. This practice is advantageous as damages /mortalities of plants due to infestation of insect-pest is taken care of due to use of higher seed rate. The plants obtained after thinning is used as fodder for the animals. | maize, high seed rate, fodder crop, thinning | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2361 | Crop management | Growing of maize as grain and fodder crop | Usually this practice is common in maize growing areas of Jammu region (Jammu and Kashmir). Instead of sowing seeds @ 2kg/kanal, the seed is sown at a much higher rate @ 5-6 kg/kanal. Thinning in maize is done one month after sowing to pick-up the undesired plants. The desired population is raised for grain purpose. This practice is advantageous as damages /mortalities of plants due to infestation of insect-pest is taken care of due to use of higher seed rate. The plants obtained after thinning is used as fodder for the animals. | maize, high seed rate, fodder crop, thinning | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2362 | Nursery management | Use of brankar leaves in raising paddy nursery | This practice is widely adopted in Mogla area of Rajouri district in Jammu & Kashmir. In this practice brankar (Adatoda vesica) leaves are mixed with Esoil at the time of field preparation for nursery raising of paddy. The leaves of Adatoda increase soil fertility, act as insecticide and make the uprooting of seedling easier. | brankar leaves, paddy nursery, soil fertility | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-Esoil Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on CollecPtaiogne, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-EKashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2362 | Nursery management | Use of brankar leaves in raising paddy nursery | This practice is widely adopted in Mogla area of Rajouri district in Jammu & Kashmir. In this practice brankar (Adatoda vesica) leaves are mixed with Esoil at the time of field preparation for nursery raising of paddy. The leaves of Adatoda increase soil fertility, act as insecticide and make the uprooting of seedling easier. | brankar leaves, paddy nursery, soil fertility | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-Esoil Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on CollecPtaiogne, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-EKashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2363 | Crop management | Management of bio-physical resources | This method of natural farming is followed in the high hills (above 2500m) of Arunachal Pradesh where the Buddist Manpas practise settled subsistence hoe farming without constructing any terrace for agricultural crops. Instead, the entire natural slopes of the hills are used for taking up both kharif and rabi crops. Sheep dropping and oak (Alnus nepalensis) leaves serve as manure in kharif season, while human waste and litter are sprayed in barely field during rabi season. The system of crop production of maize and finger millet are practiced to maintain soil health and to prevent the soil from the nutrient loss. Minimum tillage is done with hoe only and inter and mixed cropping of vegetables, beans, pulses, roots and tubers are followed at a regular basis to maintain soil fertility for sustainable farming. | natural farming, Buddist Manpas, hoe farming, sheep dropping, oak, human, waste, litter, maize, finger millet, minimum tillage, beans, pulses, roots, tubers | Dr N. Prakash, Dr P. P. Pal, Dr P. Sundrambal, Dr R. Kumar and Dr B. Bihari, Agricultural Extension Division, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Barapani (Meghalaya)- 793 103 Ref: Indigenous technological knowledge followed by the tribal farmers of North eastern hill in agriculture. Indian J. Hill Farmg 12 (1&2): 134-135(1999) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2364 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of brown plant hopper by changing the micro-climate of the root zone | In Tanjore delta, the farmers are controlling brown plant hopper by changing the micro-climate of the root zone since 12 years. Early rice is sown in June-July, which matures in September-October. If cloudy weather is prevalent during this period, the root zone will be conducive for multiplication of brown plant hopper. Therefore, the farmers change the microclimate by draining the water and drying the field. The plant foliage is set aside length-wise so as to allow the sunlight/ air to reach the ground. | brown plant hopper, microclimate, rice, root zone | Shri M. P. Rajaram Pillai, Pandrimala, Perumparai, Kodaikanal, Dindigul (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2365 | Pest and Disease Management | Method of saving maize seed from insects | When the maize seeds are sown in field and if it does not rain after sowing, the insects eat the maize seed and crop production is reduced. To save the seeds from insects, the maize seeds are dipped in cow urine for sowing in the field for 10-12 hr. If it does not rain after sowing up to 20-25 days, the seeds remain unaffected. It is followed in Kasoli area of Solan district of Himachal Pradesh since time immemorial. | maize, cow urine | Shri Pawan Kumar, Parihar, Himchal Pradesh Government Press, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2365 | Pest and Disease Management | Method of saving maize seed from insects | When the maize seeds are sown in field and if it does not rain after sowing, the insects eat the maize seed and crop production is reduced. To save the seeds from insects, the maize seeds are dipped in cow urine for sowing in the field for 10-12 hr. If it does not rain after sowing up to 20-25 days, the seeds remain unaffected. It is followed in Kasoli area of Solan district of Himachal Pradesh since time immemorial. | maize, cow urine | Shri Pawan Kumar Parihar Himchal Pradesh Government Press, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2366 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of nematode in crops | To control nematode in soil, farmers use to apply karanja oil cake @100 kg per acre at the time of ploughing. It helps in controlling the nematode to a great extent. | nematode, karanja oil cake | Shri Nabakishrore Baral Kalapathar, Kantilo, Nayagarh (Orissa) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2367 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of vasambu (Acorus calamus) to prevent pest attack in rice | Farmers of Naduvikadu village of Tamil Nadu are using vasambu to prevent pest attack in rice for last 12 years. Vasambu is powdered and dissolved in water and kept overnight. The next morning the clear solution is mixed with 200 ml neem oil and it is sprayed on the crop to prevent pest attack. | vasambu, pest attack, neem oil | Shri Samithurai, Naduvikadu, Adiramapatinam, Pattukotai, Thanjavlur (Tamil Nadu) 614 701 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2368 | Animal Husbandry | Control of wild pigs in cereal and pulse fields | Farmers of Kistagiri village of Mahaboobnagar district in Andhra Pradesh are using these practices to protect their crops against wild pig damage. Four corners of the cropped fields are collectively tied with red and white coloured cloths to repel the pigs. Tying of a pair of buffalo with bells around the neck during dusk time produce noise to scare the pigs. Bon fire during night hours create dark red flame which also repels the pigs. | wild pig, bon fire, bell sound, tying of coloured cloths | Ms V Nagamma W/o Shri V Kendanna, Upeeri Kistagiri Tanda, Wanaparthy Mandal, Mahaboobnagar (Andhra Pradesh) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2369 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of wilt in tomato | To control wilt in tomato, a mixture is prepared by mixing 1g hing and 10 g turmeric powder in 10 litres water. The seedlings of tomato are kept in the solution for 30 minutes before transplanting. By using this method wilt is controlled to a great extent. | wilt, hing, turmeric powder | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2370 | Pest and Disease Management | Insect pest and disease management in paddy and vegetables | A highly effective traditional practice is observed in NEH region for the management of insect pests and disease in paddy and vegetables. The farmers dig a pit of required size in the barren field itself to mix cow dung, cow urine, chilli and garlic in sufficient water. These are kept in the pit for at least 10-15 days for proper decomposition. Then the decomposed mixture is sprayed in paddy and vegetables at 15 days interval. Generally 2-3 sprayings are sufficient for the entire crop season to keep it disease and insect-pest free. | pit, cow dung, cow urine, chilli, garlic, sprayings | Dr N. Prakash, Dr P.P.Pal, Dr P. Sundrambal, Dr R. Kumar and Dr B. Bihari Agricultural Extension Division, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani (Meghalaya)-793 103 Ref: Indigenous technological knowledge followed by the tribal farmers of North eastern hill in agriculture. Indian J. Hill Farmg 12 (1&2): 134-135 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2370 | Pest and Disease Management | Insect pest and disease management in paddy and vegetables | A highly effective traditional practice is observed in NEH region for the management of insect pests and disease in paddy and vegetables. The farmers dig a pit of required size in the barren field itself to mix cow dung, cow urine, chilli and garlic in sufficient water. These are kept in the pit for at least 10-15 days for proper decomposition. Then the decomposed mixture is sprayed in paddy and vegetables at 15 days interval. Generally 2-3 sprayings are sufficient for the entire crop season to keep it disease and insect-pest free. | pit, cow dung, cow urine, chilli, garlic, sprayings | Ref: Indigenous technological knowledge followed by the tribal farmers of North eastern hill in agriculture. Indian J. Hill Farmg 12 (1&2): 134-135 (1999) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2371 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of crude extract of custard | An extract is prepared by soaking 2 kg dark green leaves of custard apple (Annona squamosa) in 10 litres water for overnight. The leaves are crushed and filtered to get the extract. This extract is used for 2 acres. While spraying, farmers add 1 teaspoon of detergent powder. This practice is being used in Wanpanthy mandal of Mahaboobnagar district in Andhra Pradesh. | custard apple, leaves, castor, pigeon pea, detergent powder | Ms R. Padamma W/o Shri R. Linga Reddy, Raghavender Nagar, Mentapalli, Wannaparthy Mandal, Mahaboobnagar (Andhra Pradesh) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2372 | Pest and Disease Management | Indigenous methods of preventing blister beetle infestation in maize | Paddy straw is tied together and made in the form of a mat. Paddy seeds are kept in the centre of the mat, and it is rolled and tied. It is dipped in water for a minute and the seeds are transferred in a bottle, which is made air-tight. After 24 hr, it is | blister beetle, maize crop, smoke | M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2373 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of blast in rice by application of karada (Xylia xylocarpus) and cowdung slurry | The villagers of Nimapada of Puri district in Orissa are using this “control blast in paddy. Cowdung slurry is prepared by mixing 1 kg cowdung with 10 litre water. The slurry is mixed with crushed karada leaves. The solution is sprayed at weekly interval. | blast, rice, karada, cowdung slurry | Ms Sarbani Das 1068/32 Shatabdi Nagar, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2374 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of blast in rice by application of bael | About 1 kg bael leaf is crushed and immersed in 10 litres lukewarm water for 2 hrs. Then the leaves are taken out and the solution is sprayed over the rice crop once daily. This is an economic and eco- friendly way of controlling blast in rice. | rice, blast, bael, lukewarm water | Ms Bhanumati Bahera “Plot No. 64, Surya Nagar, Unit-7 Bhubaneswar (Orissa) 751 003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2375 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of blast in rice by application of tulsi extract | About 1 kg tulsi leaves are boiled in 2 litres water thoroughly. The solution @ 2 ml per litre of water is stained and sprayed on the affected rice crop twice at 15 days interval. Leaves of wild tulsi plants can be used for controlling the disease. This practice is economic and eco-friendly, and by it 40-50% infestation can be controlled | rice, blast, tulsi leaves | Ms Mamata Mohapatra L-294, Baramunda Housing Board Colony, Bhubaneswar (Orissa) 751 003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2376 | Pest and Disease Management | Burning of waste material in the field to raise nursery | This is commonly practised in Venkatapuram, Reddipali and Sanjeevpuram villages in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh.The farmers collect the fallen leaves and stubbles and apply in the nursery uniformly. The materials are burnt in summer and ploughing is done to incorporate the ash. This practice sterilizes the soil and controls damping off in nursery | burning, waste material, nursery, damping off | Krishi Vigyan Kendra Reddipalli, Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh) 515 701 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2377 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of rice hispa by using wild ber sticks | For controlling rice hispa in paddy field, brooms are prepared out of dried stem of wild ber. The broom is stuck on the crop, affected with rice hispa. As a result the grubs of hispa fall down on the standing water. The grubs are removed from the field by draining the water. This is 60- 70% effective and is an eco- friendly practice and 50-60% farmers of Kesinga block of Sambalpur district of Orissa are using this practice since time immemorial. | rice hispa, wild ber, broom | Ms Bhanumati Behra Plot no. 64, Surya Nagar, Unit -7 Bhubaneswar (Orissa) 751 003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2378 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of brown plant hopper in rice by a mixture of kerosene and rice husk | Villagers of Khurda district of Orissa are using this practice since time immemorial for controlling brown plant hopper in rice. About 10 kg rice husk is mixed with 2 liters kerosene and is kept overnight in rice field. The seasoned mixture is applied. | brown plant hopper, kerosene, rice husk | Ms Sarbani Das 1068/32 Shatabdi Nagar, Unit-8, Bhubaneswar (Orissa) 751 003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2379 | Use of inverted harrow at flowering stage to control pod borer | In north Solapur region of Solapur district pod borer pest. To overcome this problem inverted harrowing is done at flowering to pod formation stage. The larvae that fall on the ground are smothered by load and killed. | inverted harrow, pod borer, smother | Director of Extension Education Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2380 | Horticulture crops | Dusting of ash in cucurbits to check insect pest | Cucurbit plants have major problem of insect-pest infestation, causing great damage to the plant. The practice of dusting cucurbits with ash is prevailing in and around all parts of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir. Under this measure, cucurbit plants are dusted with the ash. The ash after coming in contact with the plant surface forms an outer layering. It prevent the insects from eating the plant by making it unpalatable to them. | ash, cucurbit plant, unpalatable | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2381 | Pest and Disease Management | Trap crop of marigold with pigeonpea and groundnut | This practice of taking marigold as trap crop is in vogue in Rotarypuram and Venkatampalli in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh since time immemorial. In this practice, 45 days old seedlings of marigold are planted in pigeonpea or groundnut as intercrop. Marigold acts as a trap crop for Helicoverpa armigera. Adults lay eggs in the flowers of marigold, which are controlled by spraying on marigold. Marigold flowers also serve as a source of additional income. | intercropping, marigold, trap crop | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2382 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of cow dung ash for termite control | Cow dung ash is effective in controlling termite attack in the fields. Therefore, at the time of field preparation, cow dung ash is broadcast in the field. This traditional practice is widely used in the Kalakot area of Rajouri district in Jammu and Kashmir. | termite, cow dung ash, broadcast | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2382 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of rhinocerous beetle in coconut by castor seed extract | Farmers of Puri district of Orissa follow the practice of trapping the rhinocerous beetle by using castor seed. Castor seeds are ground and boiled in water for ½ an hour in earthen pot. The pot is cooled and kept in coconut orchards. The beetles are attracted by the odour and trapped in the oily extract. | rhinocerous beetle, castor seed extract | Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E- Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu Shri Bhagban Naik Jeypore, Sakhigopal, Puri (Orissa) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2383 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of poultry Use of poultry manure and neem cake to control root rot and tiller rotmanure and | For controlling root rot and tiller rot, the field is drained out 20-25 days after sowing. Forty kg poultry manure and 25 kg neem cake/acre are applied and the field is irrigated after 3 days. Kerosene is sprayed to control blast. | root rot, tiller rot, drainage, poultry manure, neem cake | Shri R. Sathiyaraman, S. Gopalapuram, T Pudupatti, Thirumangalam, Madurai (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2384 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of pine leaves for insect-pest control in paddy | A method of insect control in paddy is found in the rice growing states of NEH region where pine leaves are used to protect the crop from the attack of gundhi bug (Leptocorisa acuta). This is followed mainly under assured irrigation conditions where channels are prepared for watering the paddy field. The leaves alongwith the branches are tied together and are allowed to dip into the running water of the channel. Three or four different places are selected for this purpose. It is practiced with belief that the smell of pine leaves carried by the running water protects paddy from gundhi bug attack. | pine leaf, irrigation channel, running water, smell of pine leaf | Dr N. Prakash, Dr P.P.Pal, Dr P. Sundrambal, Dr R. Kumar and Dr B. Bihari Agricultural Extension Division, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani (Meghalaya)-793 103 Ref: Indigenous technological knowledge followed by the tribal farmers of North eastern hill in agriculture. Indian J. Hill Farmg 12 (1&2): 134-135 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2385 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of neem oil, soil and fresh cow dung to control stem borer and leaf roller in rice | To control stem borer and leaf roller in rice, 500 ml neem oil is mixed with 4 kg soil and some fresh cow dung. It is dried in shade for 2 days. Thereafter it is dissolved in 50 litres water. About 200 g soap is dissolved and it is sprayed on the crop. Farmers of Kalakamangalam village in Tamil Nadu are using this practice since 15 years. | neem oil, soil, fresh cow dung, soap | Shri Kalimuthu Kalalka Mangalam (West), Athersi, Aranthongi, Pudukottai (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2386 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of mixture of garlic, chilli and kerosene to control earhead bug in rice | For controlling earhead bug in rice, garlic (Allium sativum) and chilli (Capsicum spp) are mixed and a solution is prepared to spray on rice crop. During flowering stage, kerosene oil is mixed with water and sprayed on the rice crop to control rice earhead bug. The farmers are using it since 9 years. | garlic, chilli, kerosene, earhead bug, rice | “Shri M Murugan Kunnanur, Pudukottai (Tamil Nadu) 622 409 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2387 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of kerosene oil to control stem borer and earhead bug in rice | Farmers are using kerosene oil to control stem borer and earhead bug in rice since 6 years. To control the pests, 5 kg rice bran is mixed with 1 litre kerosene oil and it is dusted on the rice field | kerorsene, rice bran, stem borer, earbug | Shri S. Tamilzhenian 1, Madavilaga Nannilam, Thiruvaroor (Tamil Nadu) 610 105 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2388 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of sanampoo flowers to drive away earhead bug in rice | Sanampoo flower is cut into pieces, tied in a wet cloth and is covered by paddy straw. This whole unit is tied over a small stick and the sticks are inserted in vertical position in the rice field. The flower has a foul odour, which lasts quite long. The earhead bugs are repelled by its bad odour. The farmers of Kannanur village of Tamil Nadu are using this practice since 10 years. | sanampoo, stick, foul odour, rice earhead bug | Shri R. Mutahlagu Kannanur, Pudukottai (Tamil Nadu) 622 409 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2389 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of vasambu powder and cow urine for seed selection and seed treatment of rice | Enough water is boiled and is cooled overnight. In the morning vasambu (Acorus calamus) powder and cow urine are mixed in the water. Seeds are put in it. The floating seeds are removed. The remaining seeds are used for sowing. This serves the dual purpose of seed selection and seed treatment, to reject the non-viable seeds. Farmers of Kizhmathur village in Tamil Nadu have been using this practice since 10 years. | vasambu, cow urine, seed selection, seed treatment | Shri R. Nagrajan Kizhimathur, Kunnam, Perambulai (Tamil Nadu) 621 719 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2390 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of pivandai (Cissus quadrangularis) to control pests of paddy fields | Neem leaves are mixed with equal quantity of pivandai (Cissus quadrangularis) leaves. The mixture is ground well and soaked in cow urine for 1 week and afterwards it is filtered. The filtrate is mixed with water at 1:9 ratio and it is sprayed twice at 15 days interval to control all the pests of paddy. Farmers are using this practice since 12 years. | pivandai, neem leaves, cow urine, paddy field | Shri P. S. Senthil Kumar, 158/4 Railway Station Road, Pattukottaai, Thanjavur | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2391 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of fruits of sausage (Kigelia pinnata) tree to reduce pest incidence in rice | “The fruits of sausage tree (Kigelia pinnata) are cut into pieces and buried in the soil of nursery area and main field, which considerably reduces the pest incidence in rice. The farmers are using this practice to control pests since 15 years. | rice, pest, sausage | Shri N. Rathinasamy 33-D Jottipuram, Jayankondam, Perambur (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2392 | Animal Husbandry | Use of kachli leaves for increasing milk production | Farmers in the uphill area of Rajouri district of Jammu & Kashmir are nomadic and are practicing the animal husbandry occupation. Whenever drop in milk production is noticed, they collect the leaves of kachli and feed it to the animals. This not only improves milk production of the animals but also increases fat content of the milk. | kachli leaves, increasing milk production, fat | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2393 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of bhang as pesticide | Bhang (Cannabis sativa) plants are used for controlling thread worms in paddy nursery by the farmers of Solki area of Rajouri district of Jammu &Kashmir. Bhang plant is uprooted and kept in standing water of paddy nursery to control the thread worm. If problem of thread worm is severe then crushed leaves are put in standing water to kill the worm. | bhang, thread worm, paddy nursery | M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu” | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2394 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of Calotropics gigantea to control brown plant hopper in nursery as well as in field | To control brown plant hopper in the affected field, leaves of Calotropics gigantea are pressed and incorporated into the soil in the interspaces available. It controls brown plant hopper in nursery as well as in field. Farmers of Pudupattim, Tamil Nadu are using Calotropics gigantea since 8 years. | Calotropics gigantea, brown plant hopper | Shri R. Sathiyaraman S. Gopalapuram, T Pudupatti, Thirumangalam, Madurai (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2395 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of sorghum smut disease by treatment of seed | Farmers of north Solapur region of Solapur district are using cow urine to control smut of sorghum. Before sowing, sorghum seed (10 kg) is treated with cow urine (1 litre), by which the incidence of disease is reduced. | sorghum smut, cow urine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2396 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of neem leaves to control pest incidence in rice fields | If neem leaves with small stems are applied as green manure in the field, there is no attack of pests and diseases in the rice field. Farmers are using this practice since 14 years. | neem leaves, pest and disease attack | Shri C. Ramesh S/o Shri Chinnaiyan, Alagapuri, Thoraiyur Tiruchirapalli (Tamil Nadu) 621 210 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2398 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of leaves and branches of neem, sinduar, bhelwa and palas to cure diseases in crops | Branches and leaves of neem, palas, sinduar and bhelwa are incorporated into the soil on Saturday or Sunday when a disease is visible on crop plants. In 5 litres water about 200 g leaves of neem are boiled in a pan. The resulting solution is also sprayed on the affected plants. Farmers of Barmasa village are using these practices since time immemorial. | neem, palas, sinduar, bhelwa, disease in crops | Shri Baroop Lal Singh Barmasa, Sahra, Dumka (Jharkhand) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2399 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of ash for controlling insect-pests in paddy nursery | This practice is being used in paddy growing areas of Jammu region (Jammu and Kashmir). In this, the wood is burnt into ash. The ash, thus obtained, is applied in paddy nursery. The ash has insecticidal properties and controls the insect-pests of paddy nursery effectively. Besides, it also enriches soil and improve its fertility. | wood ash, insecticidal property, paddy nursery | M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2400 | Pest and Disease Management | Treatment of maize seed with deodar oil | Cutworm is the major insect-pest of maize crop. When maize is taken after mustard, the infestation may go as high as 75%. Therefore, the farmers of maize-growing areas of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir treat maize seeds with deodar oil. For the purpose, maize seed is soaked with deodar oil which is somewhat diluted with water. In this process, the seed becomes coated with the oil. The coating of seed with oil helps to keep insect-pest away. This is nominal cost practice. | seed treatment, deodar oil, insect-pest | M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2401 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of goat and sheep manure in maize field | The application of sheep and goat droppings and urine in the maize field helps in keeping it free from insect and pest attack. This is “highly effective in case no chemical fertilizer is applied in the field. Traditionally farmers rear sheep and goats on their farms and their dropping and urine are used as manure. As a result, there is least problem of insect-pests in the crops. This practice is consistent with farming(J&K State) on Collection, system approach where different enterprises are taken together at the same time in the field and they complement and supplement each other. This practice is prevalent among the farmers of Doda and Udhampur districts of Jammu and Kashmir. | goat sheep manure,insect-pest attack | M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2402 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of blast of paddy | About 1kg bael (Aegle marmelose) leaves are crushed and mixed with “10 litres of lukewarm water. The mixture is kept for 2-3 hours. Then it is stained and the extract is sprayed over the paddy crop to control blast. This practice is followed in Balasore district of Orissa. | blast, bael leaves | Shri Rabindra Rana Simulia, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2403 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of deodar oil for control of insect-pest in paddy nursery | This practice is useful, specially to check caterpillar in paddy. This is a skill-based technique and being used in paddy growing areas of Jammu region. In this practice, deodar oil is taken in a container. A stick is taken and one end of the stick is soaked in oil and the same is applied on the foliage of nursery plants. Before its application, the water level in the nursery is raised. This causes the insects to crawl the foliage and the insect on coming in contact with the treated foliage is killed. After the application, the water is allowed to stand in the nursery for 1-2 hrs. | paddy nursery, deodar oil | M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2405 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of rhinocerous beetle in coconut by castor seed extract | Farmers of Puri district of Orissa follow the practice of trapping the rhinocerous beetle by using castor seed. Castor seeds are ground and boiled in water for ½ an hour in earthen pot. The pot is cooled and kept in coconut orchards. The beetles are attracted by the odour and trapped in the oily extract. | rhinocerous beetle, castor seed extract | Shri Bhagban Naik Jeypore, Sakhigopal, Puri (Orissa) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2405 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of Eupatorium rugosum as pest repellent in rice field | The farmers of Medziphema area use Eupatorium rugorum plant as pest repellent in their paddy fields. Whenever there is an attack of pest in their fields, fresh branches of this plant are erected in the field keeping a distance of about 5-6 feet. The plant has a strong odour. This odour is believed to act as a repellent to the pests. | Eupatorium rugosum, pest repellent, strong odour | Shri Khrolie Angami NU SASRD, Medziphema (Nagaland) 797 106 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2406 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of Strychnos noxvomica to control insect in rice fields | The farmers of Lingathur village of Tamil Nadu use green branches of Strychnos nuxvomica to control insects from paddy fields since 10 years. The green branches of Strychnos nuxvomica are placed at a 10 feet interval in the paddy field. Insects that suck water of the treated field are killed. Ducks are allowed inside the field after the harvest. This also helps reduce pest incidence in the next crop. | Strychnos nuxvomica, insect, ducks | Shri L. R. ShanmugaSundaram Lingathur, Uppida mangalam, Karur (Tamil Nadu) 639 114 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2407 | Pest and Disease Management | Reduction in intensity of blast in paddy | Farmers of Bain village of Chenani area of Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir reduce infestation of blast in paddy by delaying application of basal dose of urea (25-30 days of transplanting). By using this practice infestation of the disease is reduced to a great extent. | paddy blast, delayed application of basal dose of urea | M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2408 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of Achyranthus aspera and Acacia lavcophilla to control leaf spot, leaf roller and earhead bug in rice | The roots of Achyranthus aspera and bark of Acacia lavcophilla are dried well and powdered. It is mixed in water and sprayed to control leaf spot, leaf roller and earhead bug in rice. Farmers are following this practice since 9 years. | Achyranthus aspera, Acacia lavcophilla, leaf spot, leaf roller, earhead bug | Shri M. Selvendran 282 Annanagar, Kulithalai, Tiruchirapalli (Tamil Nadu) 639 104 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2409 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of neem cake or punnai cake or mixture of cumbu flour and butter milk to control leaf roller in rice | Neem (Azadirachta indica) cake or punnai (Celophyllum apetalum) cake is dusted at the rate of 1 kg/acre at 30 days after transplanting of rice to control leaf roller. Spraying of cumbu flour mixed with butter milk is also used to control leaf roller. Farmers of Krishnan Kavil village in Tamil Nadu are using this practice since 12 years. | neem cake, punnai cake, cumbu flour, butter milk, rice leaf roller | Shri G. Narasiyan 3/5 Krishnankavil, Ammayappan, (Tamil Nadu) 613 701 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2410 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of kerosene oil in the field to kill pests in rice | Farmers are using ropes of paddy straw and kerosene to control pests of paddy fields since 8 years. “Farmers drag the rope across the rice fields by disturbing the plants. The insects that harbour on the plants fall down due to shock by ropes. The field is filled with water and 1 to 2 litres of kerosene oil is poured in the water. The insects falling down in the kerosenized water cannot float and drowned. To control leaf roller, neem branches are put in some places in the paddy field. | kerosene, rope, leaf roller, neem branch | Shri K. Raja Kalkamangalam (West), P.O Athersi, Taluka | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2411 | Pest and Disease Management | Uses of rock salt in treatment of maize seed | Rock salt treatment works against the insect pest of maize. The cutworm, which is more common, is effectively checked by this practice. Rock salt is mixed with the seed soaked in water. For treatment of 4-5 kg seed, ½ kg salt is required. It has been found effective to the extent of 25% against the infestation of insect- pests in the crop. This treatment is common in maize growing areas of Jammu region (Jammu and Kashmir). | rock salt treatment | M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2412 | Pest and Disease Management | Trimming of field bunds, wetting and drying, and dung application to prevent pest and disease attack in paddy | During summer, bunds of paddy fields are trimmed to destroy alternate hosts of insects. Alternate wetting and drying helps reduce the pest incidence. The pest and disease incidence is lowered if sheep/goat/pig dungs are applied under irrigated conditions. This is being practised since 19 years. Keywords: weeding, dung, alternate wetting and drying, pest incidence | Shri Boopathy 56-C, Kamarajpuram (West), Sengundhapuram, Karur (Tamil Nadu) 693 002 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2412 | Trimming of field bunds, wetting and drying, and dung application to prevent pest and disease attack in paddy | During summer, bunds of paddy fields are trimmed to destroy alternate hosts of insects. Alternate wetting and drying helps reduce the pest incidence. The pest and disease incidence is lowered if sheep/goat/pig dungs are applied under irrigated conditions. This is being practised since 19 years. | weeding, dung, alternate wetting and drying, pest incidence | Shri Boopathy 56-C, Kamarajpuram (West), Sengundhapuram, Karur (Tamil Nadu) 693 002 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2413 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of wood ash for controlling cutworm attack in maize | Cutworm attack is very common in maize and it causes heavy damage in maize crop. Farmers in hilly areas use dust of wood ash in maize to protect the crop against cutworm. This practice is fully effective and is used by the farmers of Mogla area of Rajouri district in Jammu & Kashmir. | wood ash, cutworm, maize | M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2414 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of neem cake to control stem borer, bacterial leaf blight and gall fly | Sacks filled with 8 kg neem cake are immersed in irrigation channels to control stem borer, bacterial leaf blight and gall fly in paddy. The neem cake is used 18-20 days after planting and sacks are replaced after every 25 days. Farmers of Pudupatti village in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu are using this practice since last 7 years. | paddy, neem cake, stem borer, bacterial leaf blight, gall fly, irrigation water | Shri R. Sathiyaraman, S Gopalapuram, T Pudupatti, Thirumangalam, Madurai (Tamil Nadu) Page 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2415 | Pest and Disease Management | Termite control in chickpea | Many farmers of Bhatelie village in Jodhpur district of Rajasthan are using this practice to control the termnite attack in chickpea crop since a long time. Before sowing, the chickpea seeds are treated with hing (Fernulla northex). For 1q seed, 80-100 g hing is taken. It is mixed in 2-3 litres water and the prepared solution is spread evenly on the seed and that is being mixed, while pressing with the help of foot and spade. The treated seeds after drying becomes brown in colour. These are sown in the field. This treatment repels the termite at least for 45 days of sowing. Since gram is a tap-root crop, treated seeds should be sown deeply, as no damage is caused even after 45 days of sowing. | termite control, gram, hing | Shri Manohar Dan, Bhatelie, Aagolie, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2416 | Pest and Disease Management | Control of brown plant hopper in paddy | Farmers of Balasore district in Orissa control brown plant hopper in paddy by applying a mixture of rice husk (10kg) and kerosene (2litre) in the paddy field. | brown plant hopper,rice husk, kerosene | Shri Raghunath Biswal Rambvilla, Balasore (Orissa) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2417 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of Calotropis gigantea to prevent attack of thrips in paddy nursery | Farmers are using Calotropis gigantea as green manure to prevent thrip attack in paddy nursery since 12 years. The nursery is irrigated to submerge the whole plant and after some time the water is drained out to carry away the insects. | Calotropis gigantea, thrips, paddy nursery | Shri K. Kumaran S/o Shri Kailasam, Kamrajnagar, Nidamangalam, Thiruvarur (Tamil Nadu) 614 404 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2417 | Use of Calotropis gigantea to prevent attack of thrips in paddy nursery | Farmers are using Calotropis gigantea as green manure to prevent thrip attack in paddy nursery since 12 years. The nursery is irrigated to submerge the whole plant and after some time the water is drained out to carry away the insects. | Calotropis gigantea, thrips, paddy nursery | Shri K. Kumaran S/o Shri Kailasam, Kamrajnagar, Nidamangalam, Thiruvarur (Tamil Nadu) 614 404 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2418 | Pest and Disease Management | Drum beating for control of grass hopper | Grass hopper is an insect which attacks the crops and causes heavy losses. Farmers of Kalakot area of Rajouri district in Jammu & Kashmir, generally use their traditional practice of drum beating which drives away the grasshopper. This practice is fully effective in controlling the attack of grass hopper. | drum beating, grass hopper | M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu” | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2418 | Drum beating for control of grass hopper | Grass hopper is an insect which attacks the crops and causes heavy losses. Farmers of Kalakot area of Rajouri district in Jammu & Kashmir, generally use their traditional practice of drum beating which drives away the grasshopper. This practice is fully effective in controlling the attack of grass hopper. | drum beating, grass hopper | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2419 | Soil fertility management | Sheep penning, FYM and tank silt application to increase fertility of paddy nursery | In nursery area sheep penning is practised. Also about 600 kg tank silt and 600 kg FYM are applied every year. This is being practised since 10 years. | sheep penning, FYM, tank silt, paddy nursery | Shri Arun Kumar No 3 Seventh Street, Sundaram Nagar, Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu) 613 004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2419 | Sheep penning, FYM and tank silt application to increase fertility of paddy nursery | In nursery area sheep penning is practised. Also about 600 kg tank silt and 600 kg FYM are applied every year. This is being practised since 10 years. | sheep penning, FYM, tank silt, paddy nursery | Shri Arun Kumar No 3 Seventh Street, Sundaram Nagar, Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu) 613 004 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2420 | Soil fertility management | Soil reclamation through frequent irrigation | Saline soil is rarely found in the hilly regions. This soil has pH value more than 8. The plants growing on such soils suffer from lack of moisture and oxygen, as the soil is compact and does not allow percolation of water and a free movement of air. The toxicity of the salts has further adverse effects.The reclamation of alkaline soils can be done by providing frequent heavy irrigations. This would wash down the salts present on the surface and below to the depth till they meet the permanent water level. If the land remains fallow after the movement of salts to a depth of only 3-4 feet (about 1 m) from the surface and no irrigation is applied, the salts would start moving upwards and accumulate on the surface of the soil. | reclamation, frequent irrigations, pH more than 8 | Shri Chaman Lal Rao Research Fellow, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2420 | Soil reclamation through frequent irrigation | Saline soil is rarely found in the hilly regions. This soil has pH value more than 8. The plants growing on such soils suffer from lack of moisture and oxygen, as the soil is compact and does not allow percolation of water and a free movement of air. The toxicity of the salts has further adverse effects.The reclamation of alkaline soils can be done by providing frequent heavy irrigations. This would wash down the salts present on the surface and below to the depth till they meet the permanent water level. If the land remains fallow after the movement of salts to a depth of only 3-4 feet (about 1 m) from the surface and no irrigation is applied, the salts would start moving upwards and accumulate on the surface of the soil. | reclamation, frequent irrigations, pH more than 8 | Shri Chaman Lal Rao Research Fellow, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2421 | Soil fertility management | Soil sterilization in nursery areas for raising of onion seedlings | This practice is being adopted by the farmers of onion-growing villagers of Pantthal, Sundrani, Chchandwa, Sool, Kalta, Padango, Jib, Kun and Kunyol in Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir since long. They first give a single ploughing to open the soils selected for nursery and then put dry leaves/ grass on the opened soil and burn it. After this, land is prepared for sowing of onion. Due to heat generated by burning of dry leaves/ grasses etc, the soil insects, and harmful pathogens of soil-born diseases are killed before sowing of seed. Ash obtained from burning of dry leaves/ grasses also improves the soil texture and fertility. It also avoids heath hazards as no insecticide/ fungicide is used. This practice involves no cost, as dry leaves/grasses are waste materials. | soil sterilization, burning of dry grass, onion seedlings soil-born diseases, soil texture and fertility | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2421 | Soil sterilization in nursery areas for raising of onion seedlings | This practice is being adopted by the farmers of onion-growing villagers of Pantthal, Sundrani, Chchandwa, Sool, Kalta, Padango, Jib, Kun and Kunyol in Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir since long. They first give a single ploughing to open the soils selected for nursery and then put dry leaves/ grass on the opened soil and burn it. After this, land is prepared for sowing of onion. Due to heat generated by burning of dry leaves/ grasses etc, the soil insects, and harmful pathogens of soil-born diseases are killed before sowing of seed. Ash obtained from burning of dry leaves/ grasses also improves the soil texture and fertility. It also avoids heath hazards as no insecticide/ fungicide is used. This practice involves no cost, as dry leaves/ grasses are waste materials. | soil sterilization, burning of dry grass, onion seedlings soil-born diseases, soil texture and fertility | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2422 | Soil fertility management | Use of fallen leaves as mulch material for orchard crop | This is in practice in Narpala, Garladinne and Bukkarayasamudram mandals of Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. In this practice fallen leaves are collected and added into the basin of the plant. It reduces evaporation, creates conducive micro-climate and after decomposition it acts as good manure. This technology is being used in irrigated red soils. | fallen leaves, mulch, basin, evaporation, decomposition, manure | Krishi Vigyan Kendra Reddipalli, Anantapur (Andhara Pradesh) 515 701 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2423 | Soil fertility management | Use of green-leaf manure for maintaining fertility of paddy nursery | Muthumanickam and erukku (Calotropis gigantea) are specially applied as green leaf manure at the rate of 400 kg/8 cent in the nursery area. Farmers are using it since 20 years. Kolingi (Tephrosia purpurea) and tiger bean (Delonix data) are also applied as green leaf manure. Calotropis is the most preferred green-leaf manure among the farmers. | green-leaf manure, muthumanickam, erukka, kolingi, tiger bean | Shri S. Marimuthu Kottaikadu, Kalagam, Peravururani, Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu) 614 804 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2424 | Soil fertility management | Use of green leaf manure in paddy nursery and fields | Application of kolingi as green leaf manure in the nursery reduces weed population. Cassia auriculata is applied only in the field, as its application in nursery makes the seedlings yellow. It is in practice since 20 years. | green leaf manure, nursery, rice field, kolingi, Cassia auriculata | Shri S. Marimuthu Kottaikadu, Kalagam, Peravururani, Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu) 614 804 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2425 | Soil fertility management | Enhancing soil fertility by using cattle bones | Animals bones are collected and buried in the basin of the plants, which improves soil fertility by adding phosphorus. | bones, basin, phosphorus | Shri A.K. Agnihotri Joint Director (Planning) and Sr. Scientist, Directorate of Research, Dr. YSPUHF Naini, Solan (Himachal Pradesh) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2426 | Soil fertility management | Sheep-goat penning during fallow season | Since ages, a practice is followed in most of parts of Anantapur district in Andhra Pradesh. In this practice, sheep and goats are allowed to enter into the fallow fields for grazing. Sheep penning is very useful, as urine and excreta serve as manure, and the soil is enriched with nutrients. Weeds also reduced. | sheep-goat, penning, grazing, soil fertility, weed control | Krishi Vigyan Kendra Reddipalli, Anantapur (Andhara Pradesh) 515 701 Page 50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2427 | Soil fertility management | Use of sheep penning for increasing soil fertility | Sheep penning is practised in the hill region quite extensively. It improves and enriches the soil. During the movement of sheep and goats from one place to another the shepherd must find a suitable resting place for the flock at night. Some cultivators even pay cash to persuade the shepherds to rest their flock on their land for a few days. Sheep manure contains both nitrogen and phosphorus. It is quick acting and it is preferred for application to cash and fruit crops. Sheep manure is dry and convenient to handle during farming in the hills. Farming can be made more remunerative by proper conservation of all sheep and goat manure and its extensive use. Sometimes the excreta of sheep and goats are collected, dried and ground to powder form and then applied to the growing crops. The manure is mixed into the soil by giving cultivation soon after the flock has moved away. The sheep manure should be applied when adequate moisture is available in the soil. | sheep penning, shepherd, flock, | Dr Sukhdev Regional Research Centre, H P K V Dhaulakau, Sirmour (Himachal Pradesh) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2428 | Soil fertility management | Green manuring of soil | Green manuring is done by sowing a leguminous crop and turning it into the soil. The practice of green-manuring is a means for improving the fertility and water-holding capacity of light soil. The farmers of all hilly areas of Himachal Pradesh are following this practice. The crops commonly used for greenmanuring are greengram (Phaseolus mungo), blackgram (Phaseolus aureus), horsegram and soybean (Glycine max) These may be grown according to their suitability for a particular area. In the rich heavy soil when the system of crop rotation provides a reasonable gap between the harvesting of one crop (kharif) and the sowing of another (rabi) crop, green-manuring is done, which supplies nitrogen in the form of nitrates. The nitrates are consumed by the green-manure crop and are returned to the soil for use by the next crop. If a green-manure crop is not raised, the soil nitrates would be lost. | green manuring, leguminous crop, greengram, blackgram, horsegram, soybean | Dr Sukhdev Regional Research Centre, H P K V Dhaulakau, Sirmour (Himachal Pradesh) Page 49 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2429 | Soil fertility management | Use of pond sediments as fertilizer for crops | It is observed that when the pond water is depleted, the farmers of Shimla district use the pond sediment as fertilizer by throwing it on the nearby farmland. This increases the soil fertility and improves the production. | pond sediment, fertilizer | Shri Chandu Lal Sharma Khamala, Kotkhai, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 201 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2430 | Soil fertility management | Application of tank silt to fields | This is an age-old practice in Reddipalli and Chidella villages of Anantapur district in Andhra Pradesh. After drying, tank silt is collected and transported, and spread in the fields in summer. Tank silt improves soil properties and supplies nutrients to increase yield of crops. | tank silt, soil nutrient, yield increase | Krishi Vigyan Kendra Reddipalli, Anantapur (Andhara Pradesh) 515 701 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2431 | Farm implements | Use of two coulter seed drill for efficient sowing | Generally farmers use three coulter seed drill for sowing but two coulter seed drill requires less power (bullocks). In case of three coulter seed drill fine tilth is required whereas for two coulter seed drill slightly cloddy field may do. Farmers of north Solapur region of Solapur district are using it. | two coulter seed drill, three coulter seed drill, fine tilth, cloddy field | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2432 | Farm implements | Use of nagali- country plough in agricultural operations | A country plough, locally called nagali, is being used in entire Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. This is the only implement used by the farmers for primary tillage operations in kharif and rabi seasons. Weight of this implement is 50 kg and cost Rs 500. | implement, primary tillage operation | K.V.S Rami Reddy Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Reddipalli, Anantapur (Andhara Pradesh)-515 701 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2433 | Farm implements | Use of karka (small axe) to cut small plants | A majority of the farmers, particularly women, of Seemonasasa Nasati village in Khurda district of Orissa use karka to cut small plants and also for cutting small branches of mango or other trees for fuel purpose in all seasons. Karka is made of iron with wooden handle. It is a very useful and low-cost implement. | karka, small axe, wooden handle | Ms Bishnupriya Mishra Training Associate (Agril. Extension), KVK Ganjam, Bhajnagar, Ganjam (Orissa) 761 126 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2434 | Farm implements | Use of Eenati gorru-as sowing implement | Eenati gorru is used in entire Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh since long back. This implement is used for sowing operation in kharif and rabi seasons. Weight of this implement is 60 kg and cost is Rs 1000. | eenati gorru, sowing operation | K.V.S Rami Reddy Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Reddipalli, Anantapur (Andhara Pradesh)-515 701 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2435 | Post harvest management | Winnowing of paddy | This unique system is practiced in Meghalaya for winnowing of paddy in the field itself. Three long bamboo poles (20-25 feet each) are erected to from the shape of a big triangle in this system. A platform is made by connecting these three poles with the help of small bamboo pieces, also used as ladder to carry the grains to the top. A person stands in the connection points of three poles to drop the paddy grains in the ground .The person in the top is continuously supplied with uncleaned rice grains in a bamboo basket through relay process. The wind direction, velocity and the height are effectively utilized in this system. This system is cost effective and huge quantity of uncleaned grains are cleaned within short time involving minimum number of labours. | bamboo poles, triangle, bamboo basket, relay process, wind direction, wind velocity | Dr N. Prakash, Dr P.P.Pal, Dr P. Sundrambal, Dr R. Kumar and Dr B. Bihari. Agricultural Extension Division, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani (Meghalaya)- 793 103 Ref: Indigenous technological knowledge followed by the tribal farmers of North eastern hill in agriculture. Indian J. Hill Farmg 12 (1&2): 134-135(1999) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2436 | Grain and Storage and Management | Storing of maize cobs in kitchen | This practice is commonly found in every state of North Eastern “Hill Region. Through this system, cobs are tied together (20-25 cobs ) with the help of a small rope and kept as suspended animation from the roof of the kitchen. The smoke of the kitchen is allowed to pass through the cobs. This smoke drives away the insects as well as prolongs the storage period by preventing them from fungal attack. | maize cobs, rope, roof, smoke, insects, fungal attack | Dr N. Prakash, Dr P.P.Pal, Dr P. Sundrambal, Dr R. Kumar and Dr B. Bihari. Agricultural Extension Division, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani (Meghalaya)- 793 103 Ref: Indigenous technological knowledge followed by the tribal farmers of North eastern hill in agriculture. Indian J. Hill Farmg 12 (1&2): 134-135(1999) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2437 | Grain and Storage and Management | Use of leaves of naytholasi (Ocimum canum) to prevent attack of borers in stored pigeonpea | Pigeonpea seeds are dried well and stored tightly in gunny bags. To prevent borer attack, dried leaves of naytholasi (Ocimum canum) are placed inside the bag. This method is being followed since 10 years. | naytholasi, borer attack, pigeonpea | Shri S. Paulraj, 36/A-2 Tiruchirapalli Road, Puttamettupatti, Manaparai, Tiruchirapalli (Tamil Nadu) 621 306 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2438 | Grain and Storage and Management | Storage of grains by mixing dried neem leaves or ash | Farmers of north Solapur and Ahmednagar districts are using dried neem leaves or ash to store grains safely. It prevents the attack of store grain pests. | neem leaves, ash | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2439 | Grain and Storage and Management | Use of jungle pudina (Mentha arvensis) for grain storage | Farmers collect jungle pudina (Mentha arvensis) from fields generally near village springs/ grath/ in forest having humus soils. Collected pudina leaves are dried, ground and then used for grain storage. Storage bins are locally made of bamboo. Seed is kept in gunny bags. Pudina powder is used in the ratio of 1:1000 i.e 1 g in 1 kg of dry seed. This practice is adopted in such areas where pudina is available easily and farmers don’t have either purchasing capacity or pesticides are not available for the farmers. | jungle pudina, grain storage | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2440 | Grain and Storage and Management | Use of thombai to store rice grains | Seeds of rice are kept in wooden thombai. The bottom of thombai is filled with paddy or varagu straw. After filling the grain in the container, straw is spread over the top and it is sealed with mud. The farmers of Alangudi village are following this practice since 15 years. | thombai, rice, paddy straw, varagu straw | Shri S. Anbarasan Alangudi Karambakuddy, Pudukottai (Tamil Nadu) 622 302 Page 57 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2441 | Grain and Storage and Management | Technique to store rice seeds | The farmers spread the seeds on the threshing floor during Tamil month thai (January) and the seeds are kept there up to 7 days. During night the seeds absorb moisture from dew and the moisture is dried up in the daytime. This practice improves the seed quality and grain yield. Farmers of Rajagopalapuram taluk in Tamil Nadu are following this practice since 9 years. | rice seed, storage, thai, moisture absorption, drying | Shri R. Kamaraj Plot no 1084, Housing Unit Rajagopalapuram, Pudukottai (Tamil Nadu) 622 003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2442 | Grain and Storage and Management | Hastening germination of paddy seeds | Mixing of dung with paddy seed and covering it with wet gunny bags and then sowing in the nursery after 1-2 days hastens the germination of the seeds. This practice is being used in Garhi block and adjoining areas of Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir. | dung, wet gunny bag | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2443 | Grain and Storage and Management | Safe storage of pulse pea | Pulse pea coated with desi oil keeps the seed safe for long storage | coating with oil | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2444 | Grain and Storage and Management | Use of mud bins for grain storage | Bins made of mud and coated inside with cowdung are being used in certain areas of Jammu province of Jammu and Kashmir. For inside coating, cow dung is mixed with a certain amount of paddy straw which helps in binding the coated layer and remains intact for long. Being muddy, bin has special advantages in that, it helps in regulating the temperature and keeps the micro environment inside the bin naturalized to a large extent. The layer of cowdung coat inside the wall of the bin helps to check attack of insect pests, working as a mechanical barrier. The coating also pacifies the plant pathogenic organisms. | mud bins, cowdung coating, naturalized micro environment, mechanical barrier | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2445 | Grain and Storage and Management | Storing of rice seeds by drying and plastering the container with cowdung paste | The rice seeds, harvested during September-October, are dried and stored in gunny bags. These stored seeds absorb moisture which is prevalent during the wet period of north-east monsoon. Therefore, the seeds are again dried in sunshine during January- February to reduce moisture content so as to prevent insect damage. Afterwards the seeds are stored in a tight container and it is plastered with cowdung paste and dried. This practice is called kottai. With this practice the seeds can be stored till the next sowing season. The cowdung plastering prevent the seeds from insect attack but do not hinder the biological activity of the seeds. | seed storage, rice, kottai, cowdung plaster, sun drying | Shri R. Subramaniam 124 Rangamapet, Papireddipetti, Dharmapuri (Tamil Nadu) 636 905 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2446 | Grain and Storage and Management | Exposing wheat grains to sunlight before storage | It is usually found that during prolonged storage wheat grains are damaged due to attack of insect, pest and other microbial organisms. Therefore, to prevent attack of insect-pest, farmers of all zones in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, expose wheat grain to sunlight prior to storing it. For the purpose, wheat grains are spread evenly in the hot sun during the months of June and July. On exposing the grains to the hot sun in summer before storage, the moisture content of the grains is reduced. | wheat grain, hot sun, moisture | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2447 | Storage of sweet potato | Farmers of Keonjhar district of Orissa store tubers of sweet potato in dry sand beds of 8-10 cm thickness. The tubers thus can be stored for over a year. | sweet potato tuber, dry sand bed | Shri Kashinath Sahu Anandpur Keonjhar (Orissa) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2448 | Grain and Storage and Management | Use of traditional earthen bins for grain storage | For storage of grains of wheat, maize and rice, kohals (earthen bins) are used by the people of Jammu and Kathua districts of Jammu and Kashmir. Storing the grains in earthen kohals is a traditional practice. The size of the Agriculkohals depends upon the produce with the farmers. White clay is coated on both sides of the kohal and made to air tight after storing the grain. Insects rarely attack the grains in the earthen kohals and storage can be prolonged. | kohals (traditional earthen bins), air tight | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2449 | Grain and Storage and Management | Use of draink leaves against storage grain pests | Draink (Melia azadirach) is a widely growing plant and is found in the vicinity of other herbs. Draink plants are known to have insecticidal properties. The leaves and fruits of the plants are used by the people of whole sub tropical region of Jammu and Kashmir which are put inside the grain storage structure to check the menace of insect-pest. | draink leaves, storage grain pest, insecticidal property | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2450 | Grain and Storage and Management | Use of methi leaves to store the grains | Storage of grains for a long period is the main problem for the farmers. Mostly grain is stored in the bin made of bamboo. The bamboo sticks are woven very gently and then plastered with mud from inside as well as from outside. The bamboo bin, locally called peru or peri, may be of varying sizes and dimensions. The container is filled with grains and 5-10 dried methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum) leaves are kept at various layers of the grains during storage or filling. The top is covered with the lid made of same raw material. It should be tight. | methi, peru, peri | Shri Chaman Lal, Shri Santosh Kumar, Research Fellow Z.S.I Solan (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2451 | Grain and Storage and Management | Srorage of paddy seeds by using ash and neem leaves | Construction of ramda: The silt from the base of tank is taken. The silt is dried, ground finely and a paste is prepared by mixing approximate quantity of water. In 10 kg paste about 1 kg wheat straw (fine) is kneaded. First, four legs are prepared. The dimension of each leg is 4”x 8”x 6” (thickness x length x height). The number of legs may be four or six. The paste is used to make ramda, which is cylindrical in shape with 3′ diameter and 5′ height and the thickness of the wall is 4”. The structure while making is simultaneously sun dried. It is kept away from hot sunlight to avoid cracks. A lid of 3′ diameter is constructed separately with a projected structure for lifting. The ramda and the lid are dried separately. Afterwards the inner wall of the ramda and the lid are white-washed and dried. Four quintals grain can be stored in ramda. An outlet is constructed near the bottom of the ramda to take out grains. Method of storage: The ash of fireplace (chulha) is taken and pebbles of burnt coal are separated. Neem leaves are dried well after plucking. For 1 quintal rice grain, ½ kg ash and ½ kg dried leaves of neem are required. Rice grains are dried well in sunlight and then ash and neem leaves are mixed. This mixture is filled in ramda. If ramda is filled upto full capacity, it is good for storage purpose. After filling, about ½ kg ash and ½ kg dried neem leaves are again spread on the top. Over it, a thick cloth is spread. The lid is then kept on the ramda and the space between ramda and lid is filled by plastering with mud paste and it is made airtight. The stored grain may be preserved upto 1 year. Neem leaves have insectidal, anti-feedant and repellent properties and ash has crystalline property. Other grains may also be preserved in ramda. | ash, neem leaves, ramda, insecticidal, anti-feedant, repellent, crystalline | Dr Tungveer Singh D-37, Medical College Campus, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) 250 004 Page 58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2452 | Grain and Storage and Management | Hanging unhusked maize cobs from the roof for seed storage | “The storage of food grains begins immediately after the harvesting of the crop. Mostly unhusked maize cobs are hung in a bunch form from the roof. This exercise is done to retain seed for planting the crop in the following season. The main aim is to put dry, clean, uninfested produce in a sound, clean and safe storage. Unhusked maize cobs are hung in bundles on the vertical bamboo support from the roof of the house or in kitchen etc. This bamboo stick is tied with the rope (prepared from Grewia optiva) bayul twigs. This method is adopted during rainy season and the cobs may remain on the pole until they are used.This method of storage is being followed in hilly area of Himachal Pradesh. | unhusked maize cob, Grewia optiva, bayul twigs | Mr Bovinder Chand Katoch Research Fellow, Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2453 | Grain and Storage and Management | Grain storage in earthenware jar | Food grain is stored in large or small quantity in earthenware jars. These jars are made of mud, usually derived from termitaria (mounds of termites or white ants). These containers provide safe, clean storage of the grains of any kind i.e. maize, wheat etc. These containers have the capacity of 10-20 kg. After filling the container upto full capacity, the top is covered with flat stone or any other lid which should be tight in all respects.This kind of storge is followed by all the people in hilly area of Himachal Pradesh. | earthenware jar, termitaria, termite (white ants) | Mr Bovinder Chand, Research Fellow, Department of Biosciences Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2454 | Grain and Storage and Management | Storage of paddy grains in container made up of deodar | Among other storage structures, bin made up of deodar (Cidar deodara) wood are very useful for storing paddy grains for a considerable period of time as it “effectively prevents infestation of insect pest. This is owing to the wood oil, which acts as a strong repellent for the insect-pests. For the purpose of storing a quintal of grain, a bin of 4’x4’x4′ dimension would be required. Deodar is a locally available resource, profusely growing wild tree. As per rough estimate, a bin may cost around Rs. 3000/-. The practice is locally popular among the farmers of Bhaderwah tehsil of Doda district (Jammu & Kashmir). | deodar wood, paddy grain storage, wood oil, repellent | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2455 | Grain and Storage and Management | Storage of paddy grain in underground pit | For storage of paddy grains, an underground pit of suitable size is dug out within the house. The size varies depending on the quantity of grain to be stored. Conveniently, for storing one quintal of grain, a pit (10’x10′) is dug beneath the ground. The base and sides of the pit are lined with barks of bhuj tree to avoid spoilage from moisture and insect pest. The bhuj tree bark is used because it is thick and sheet of the bark is wide which helps in properly covering the walls of the pit. The pit opening is covered from above with mud. This practice helps in storage of grains upto 2 years and is practiced in Thathri area of Bhaderwah tehsil in Doda district of Jammu Kashmir. | underground pit, bhuj tree bark | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2456 | Grain and Storage and Management | Use of chilli and lemon to store seeds of millets | Farmers of Mullar Road in Tamil Nadu use dry chillies, lemon and ash to store millet seeds for last 10 years. Dried chillies are crushed and mixed with cut pieces of lemon and ash. This mixture is mixed with millet seeds and it is kept for storage. Pungent smell of chillies and the acidity of lemon resist the attack of the storage pest. | chilli, lemon, ash, millets | Shri M. Chinnaiyan Anna Colony, Mallur Road, Ariyalur (Tamil Nadu) 621 704 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2457 | Grain and Storage and Management | Storage of maize grain in structure made of deodar wood | The farmers of Jammu region (Jammu and Kashmir) store maize grain in structure made of deodar wood. In addition they put small sticks of deodar wood containing oil, called dhini, inside the stored grain in boxes. Deodar wood boxes along with sticks are suited to store grain and, thus, prevent and check infestation of insect- pest in stored condition. The oil present in sticks works as repellent for the insect-pests. | deodar storage structure, dhini, repellent, deodar stick box | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2458 | Grain and Storage and Management | Use of ash for storage of maize seed | For storing maize seeds, the farmers of Kalakot block of Rajouri district (Jammu and Kashmir), mix ash with maize seeds and keep it in storage bins. This is an effective practice and keeps the maize grains free from insect- pests for atleast 6 months. | ash, storage of maize seed, storage bins | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2459 | Grain and Storage and Management | Use of copper sulphate in lime for internal white wash of earthen kuthia or bukhari for safe storage of grains | For safe storage of food grains, earthen kuthia or bukhari is made with a small outlet. This earthen bin is plastered with cement from inside and white- washed with lime mixed with copper sulphate. It is dried well. The dried grain is mixed with dry neem leaves. The grain is filled in the bin and the outlet of the bin is covered with dried earthen lid very tightly. The grain is now safe for storage. About 50-70 % villagers of Bulandshahr, Aligarh and Etah districts of Uttar Pradesh are using this practice for more than 100 years. | copper sulphate, earthen kuthia, bukhari, lime, neem leaves | Shri Amar Singh, Nayabas Kutabpur, Dibai, Bulandshahr (Uttar Pradesh) 202 393 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2460 | Grain and Storage and Management | Grain storage in khochar | Farmers of Barmasa in Dumka district of Jharkhand store grains of maize, paddy, wheat etc. in a special structure called khochar. It is made of puwal, bamboo and soil. The structures are placed on the ground and filled with clean and dried grains, layered with dried neem leaves. It protects the grain against insect, pests and rodents. About 3-4 quintals grain can be stored for 9-12 months. | khochar, paddy, maize, wheat | Shri Baroop Lal Singh Barmasa, Sahra, Dumka (Jharkhand) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2461 | Use of neem leaves in controlling stored grain pest | Farmers of Venkatapuram, Reddipalli and Ratarypuram in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh use dry neem leaves along with paddy and store it in gunny bags. Neem leaves act as insect repellent. It is an eco- friendly and a low cost technology used to control storage pests. | neem leaves, stored grain pests, gunny bag, insect repellen | Krishi Vigyan Kendra Reddipalli, Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh) 515 701 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2463 | Grain and Storage and Management | Pre-fumigation of paddy storage room with sambrani | This technology is in practice in Gooty in Ananatapur district of Andhra Pradesh. The storage room is fumigated with sambrani before storing the paddy grains. Sambrani is a source of benzoic acid and it is a fumigant that controls diseases and pathogens. It is an eco-friendly and a low cost practice. | store room, fumigation, paddy, sambrani, benzoic acid | Krishi Vigyan Kendra Reddipalli, Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh) 515 701 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2464 | Storage | Use of walnut, mentha, neem and eucalyptus leaves in storing grains | To avoid the attack of insect pests in stored grains, the farmers make in stored grains, the farmers make use of leaves of walnut, mentha, neem and eucalyptus in grain storage. Farmers store their grain in a container called peru. During storage time about 5-6 leaves each of these plants are kept at various depths of peru. These leaves act as repellent to the insect pests. This practice is followed widely in the village Samloti in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh since time immemorial. Farmers are fully satisfied with the practice and can store the grain for longer period without any damage to the grain. | walnut, mentha, neem, eucalyptus, grain storage, peru, insect pests | Shri Rajeev Kumar Room no 32 D, NBH II Hostel, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer hill, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2465 | Grain and Storage and Management | Coating of soaked pigeonpea with red earth | This practice is used by most of the pigeonpea-growing farmers in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh since time immemorial. After harvest, pigeonpea seeds are soaked in water for 12- 24 hr. Wet red earth is coated over these overnight-soaked seeds and dried. Wetting and drying process loosen the husk from kernel and red earth acts as physical barrier to storage insects. This facilitates easy manual stone milling as well. | coating, red earth, milling, wetting and drying | Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Reddipalli, Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh) 515 701 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2466 | Grain and Storage and Management | Use of sand to store green gram | The harvested greengram is mixed “with sand and stored. The sand particles absorb the moisture from greengram seeds and thus increase their storage life. The cuticle (upper skin) of the insect is damaged by friction with sand particles and the pest population is reduced in greengarm. Farmers of Gudalur village in Tamil Nadu are following this practice since 10 years. | greengram, sand particles | Shri P. Devandran, Nallasamy Therar, W-4 Guddalur (Tamil Nadu) 625 518 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2467 | Grain and Storage and Management | Use of rock salt for controlling storage pest of paddy grain | This practice is quite common among farmers of paddy growing areas of Jammu region (Jammu and Kashmir). Small pieces of rock salt are put in the storage structure containing paddy grains. It is effective in checking Agriculinfestation of storage insect-pests in paddy grain to an extent of 40%. Rock salt is a cheap product, hence it is a very economical practice. | rock salt, paddy grains, storage insect-pests | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2468 | Horticulture crops | Control of powdery mildew in cucurbitaceous crops | To control powdery mildew in cucurbitaceous crops, cattle bones are burnt in the centre of the field. The fumes control powdery mildew by about 30-40 %. | powdery mildew, cucurbitaceous crop, cattle bone, burning | Ms. Bhanumati Behera, Plot no 64, Surya Nagar, Unit 7, Bhubaneswar (Orissa) 751 003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2469 | Horticulture crops | Preservation of vegetables for off-season use | An array of vegetables such as potato, radish, turnip and green vegetables grown in the area, are stored in small pits, dug in the ground. The pit is then covered from above with the help of some suitable covering material made of local herbs. The size of the pit vary depending on the quantity of the vegetables to be stored. The technique is helpful in preserving the vegetables. It keeps vegetable fresh from extreme cold climate during winter and enables continued supply of vegetables during off- season. The vegetables stored by this technique remain fresh, devoid of pest and disease infestation and do not dry. Earthen pots may also be used to serve the purpose. Vegetables contained in earthen pots may be put inside pits and in this way vegetables may be preserved for long. This indigenous method of vegetable preservation is quite popular among the farmers of Bhaderwah and Doda districts of Jammu and Kashmir. | vegetable preservation, small pit, earthen pot | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2470 | Horticulture crops | Control of wilt in tomato | Hing and turmeric help in preventing the attack of virus that causes wilting. A solution is prepared by mixing 1 g hing and 10 g turmeric in 10 litres water. Roots of tomato and chillies are dipped in the solution for 30 minutes before planting. About 30-40% villagers of Balipatna of Khurda district in Orissa are using this practice since time immemorial. | wilt, tomato, hing, turmeric, root dipping | Ms Sarbani Das, 1068/32, Shatabdi Nagar, Unit-8, Bhubaneswar (Orissa) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2471 | Horticulture crops | Application of fish-washed water to cucurbitaceous crop for increasing yield | Fishes are washed thoroughly and the water is applied at the base of the cucurbitaceous plants. Fish- washed water provides nutrient for vine development and induces flowering. Thus 20% increase in yield is obtained. | fish-washed water, | Ms Sarbani Das, 1068/32, Shatabdi Nagar, Unit-8, Bhubaneswar (Orissa) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2473 | Horticulture crops | Planting marigold in brinjal field to control nematodes | Marigold plants are planted in 1:4 ratio with brinjal in the field to save the crop from root-knot nematodes. Planting marigold in brinjal acts as an alternate host for the nematode. This practice is used in Balipatna village of Jatni block of Orissa since time immemorial | marigold, brinjal, root knot nematode, alternate host | Ms Mamata Mohapatra, L-294, Baramunda, Housing Board Colony, Bhubaneswar (Orissa) 751 003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2474 | Horticulture crops | Application of raw cowdung for storage of pumpkin | To increase the keeping quality of pumpkin , raw cowdung is applied on the peduncle of a harvested pumpkin, which preserves it for a longer period. Bacteriophase present in the cowdung kills other insects that attack pumpkin and cause damage. About 60-70% damage is controlled by this method. About 70% villagers of Chiplima block of Sambalpur district in Orissa use this practice since 40-50 years. | raw cowdung, storage of pumpkin, bacteriophase | Ms Sarbani Das, 1068/32, Shatabdi Nagar, Unit-8, Bhubaneswar (Orissa) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2475 | Horticulture crops | Control of nematodes in vegetable fields by application of karanja oilcake | At the time of last ploughing, karanja oil cake @250 kg/ha is incorporated in the soil. The pesticidal effect of karanja controls 30-40% nematodes which causes wilt and also provides nutrient to the crops. | nematode, vegetable, karanja oilcake, nutrient | Ms Sarbani Das, 1068/32, Shatabdi Nagar, Unit-8, Bhubaneswar (Orissa) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2476 | Horticulture crops | Control of insect pests in cabbage and cauliflower by using tomato plant parts | About 1 kg tomato stem and leaves are kept immersed in 10 litres warm water for 4 hours and a solution is prepared. The solution is stained thoroughly and spread over the affected cabbage and cauliflower. The pungent smell of the solution drives away the insects eg. cabbage semilooper, diamond back moth etc. | tomato plant, pungent smell, cabbage semilooper, diamond back moth | Ms Mamata Mohapatra, L-294, Baramunda, Housing Board Colony, Bhubaneswar (Orissa) 751 003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2477 | Horticulture crops | Augmenting shelf life of apple | This is the method adopted by some farmers in Bhaderwah tehsil of Doda district in Jammu and Kashmir for increasing the shelf life of apple. The fruit growers, during harvesting of apple, detach the fruit from the tree along with small branch including the spur. By adopting this technique, it has been observed that the keeping quality of apple is enhanced substantially. | apple, self-life, fruit along with branch and spur | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2478 | Horticulture crops | Spray of vinegar to increase yield of vegetables | In Kotkhaki area of Shimla district the farmers spray a diluted vinegar solution (0.5 litre vinegar in 50 litres water) before blossoming to increase the vegetable production by 15 % in cucumber and capsicum. There are some additional advantages: less cost is involved, it is less time consuming, vinegar is easily available, it is very effective, it increases soil fertility and ultimately increases the fruit production. | vinegar, cucumber, capsicum | Shri Chandu Lal Sharma, Khamala, Kotkhai, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 201 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2478 | Cropping Systems | Spray of vinegar to increase yield of vegetables | In Kotkhaki area of Shimla district the farmers spray a diluted vinegar solution (0.5 litre vinegar in 50 litres water) before blossoming to increase the vegetable production by 15 % in cucumber and capsicum. There are some additional advantages: less cost is involved, it is less time consuming, vinegar is easily available, it is very effective, it increases soil fertility and ultimately increases the fruit production. | vinegar, cucumber, capsicum | Shri Chandu Lal Sharma Khamala, Kotkhai, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 201 Page 76 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2479 | Horticulture crops | Increasing germination percentage of solanaceous vegetable seeds by using 3 day old butter milk | Farmers of Pavas village of Sivagangai district in Tamil Nadu have been using this practice to increase germination percentage of solanaceous vegetable seeds since decades. The seeds of brinjal, chilli and tomato are soaked in 3-day old butter milk for 6 hours before seeding. This results in 80% germination of the seeds. | butter milk, germination, brinjal, chilli, tomato | Dr S. Sendur Kumaram, Assistant Professor (Horticulture), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kundrakudi, Sivagangai (Tamil Nadu) 630 206 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2479 | Seed management | Increasing germination percentage of solanaceous vegetable seeds by using 3 day old butter milk | Farmers of Pavas village of Sivagangai district in Tamil Nadu have been using this practice to increase germination percentage of solanaceous vegetable seeds since decades. The seeds of brinjal, chilli and tomato are soaked in 3-day old butter milk for 6 hours before seeding. This results in 80% germination of the seeds. | butter milk, germination, brinjal, chilli, tomato | Dr S. Sendur Kumaram, Assistant Professor (Horticulture), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kundrakudi, Sivagangai (Tamil Nadu) 630 206 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2480 | Horticulture crops | Enhancing productivity of onion | Farmers of Sundakadu village of Sivagangai district of Tami Nadu are using this practice for enhancing productivity of onion for more than 10 years. Instead of inorganic fertilizers, the farmers use decomposed Cassia leaves (75 kg) with cowdung slurry (@ 125 kg) for improving the colour, number and size of onion bulb. There is 25-30 % increase in yield with this practice. | Casssia leaves, cowdung slurry, onion bulb, increase in yield | Dr S. Gopal, Training Associate, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kendrakudi, Sivagangai, (Tamil Nadu) 630 206 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2480 | Enhancing productivity of onion | Farmers of Sundakadu village of Sivagangai district of Tami Nadu are using this practice for enhancing productivity of onion for more than 10 years. Instead of inorganic fertilizers, the farmers use decomposed Cassia leaves (75 kg) with cowdung slurry (@ 125 kg) for improving the colour, number and size of onion bulb. There is 25-30 % increase in yield with this practice. | Casssia leaves, cowdung slurry, onion bulb, increase in yield | Dr S. Gopal Training Associate, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kendrakudi, Sivagangai (Tamil Nadu) 630 206 Page 73 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2481 | Horticulture crops | Intercropping of marigold in tomato | Marigold is raised on bunds of tomato crop in mid hills of Chenani area. It is believed that the attack of insect-pests and disease is lessened in tomato crop when marigold is raised on bunds as inter crop of tomato. | intercropping, marigold, tomato, insect-pests attack | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2481 | Cropping Systems | Intercropping of marigold in tomato | Marigold is raised on bunds of tomato crop in mid hills of Chenani area. It is believed that the attack of insect-pests and disease is lessened in tomato crop when marigold is raised on bunds as inter crop of tomato. | intercropping, marigold, tomato, insect-pests attack | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta, Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricul- tural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2482 | Horticulture crops | Use of limewater for controlling aphids in mango | During March-April, aphids attack the base of the mango stem. For controlling the aphids in mango, people of Kathua and Jammu districts of Jammu and Kashmir use limewater. In this practice lime is mixed with water in a container Agriculand the lime solution is coated on the stem of the aphid-infested tree. It acts as repellent and aphid is controlled. It protects the plant from scorching sun also. | aphid , limewater, scorching sun | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2482 | Pest and Disease Management | Use of limewater for controlling aphids in mango | During March-April, aphids attack the base of the mango stem. For controlling the aphids in mango, people of Kathua and Jammu districts of Jammu and Kashmir use limewater. In this practice lime is mixed with water in a container Agriculand the lime solution is coated on the stem of the aphid-infested tree. It acts as repellent and aphid is controlled. It protects the plant from scorching sun also. | aphid , limewater, scorching sun | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2483 | Horticulture crops | Care of mango trees to obtain higher production | Alternate bearing of mangoes is common due to nutritional deficiency. To have regular bearing, 1 feet (30 cm) deep trench is dug around a tree in summer season. At the beginning of rainy season, 4-5 kg small fish is spread in the trench evenly and the trench is covered with soil. Small fish is found in abundance in the river adjoining the village. With this treatment the mango plant bears fruits regularly.The farmers of Naya Talab (Hathai) village of Dungarpur district in Rajasthan are using this technique for rejuvenation of mango trees for regular fruiting since 30 years. | mango, alternate bearing, nutritional deficiency, trench, small fish | Shri Manji Nanoma, S/o Shri Harji Nanoma, Naya Talab, Hathai, Dungarpur (Rajasthan) 314 034 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2483 | Horticulture crops | Care of mango trees to obtain higher production | Alternate bearing of mangoes is common due to nutritional deficiency. To have regular bearing, 1 feet (30 cm) deep trench is dug around a tree in summer season. At the beginning of rainy season, 4-5 kg small fish is spread in the trench evenly and the trench is covered with soil. Small fish is found in abundance in the river adjoining the village. With this treatment the mango plant bears fruits regularly.The farmers of Naya Talab (Hathai) village of Dungarpur district in Rajasthan are using this technique for rejuvenation of mango trees for regular fruiting since 30 years. | mango, alternate bearing, nutritional deficiency, trench, small fish | Shri Manji Nanoma S/o Shri Harji Nanoma Naya Talab, Hathai, Dungarpur (Rajasthan) 314 034 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2484 | Horticulture crops | Detection and control of butterfly infestation in pomegranate | When the pomegranate fruit attains a size of walnut fruit, it is observed critically for its possible infestation by butterfly. If its microscopic black spot detected on the outer surface of the fruit, this indicates attack of the butterfly. Subsequently, the spot on the fruit is scratched slightly with the help of a knife. If the spot is superficial and not deep-seated, the fruit will remain healthy. Such fruits are bagged with the help of cloth. Otherwise,if the spot is found deep-seated, the fruit is likely to be infested with butterfly and bagging with the cloth will not save the fruit. This practice is very simple requiring little skill on the part of the farmers but immensely helpful in detecting and checking infestation of butterfly in pomegranate fruit. This practice is common in Dauda village of Uderana panchayat of Bhaderwah tehsil of district Doda in Jammu and Kashmir. | black spot, scratching by knife, bagging by cloth | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2484 | Pest and Disease Management | Detection and control of butterfly infestation in pomegranate | When the pomegranate fruit attains a size of walnut fruit, it is observed critically for its possible infestation by butterfly. If its microscopic black spot detected on the outer surface of the fruit, this indicates attack of the butterfly. Subsequently, the spot on the fruit is scratched slightly with the help of a knife. If the spot is superficial and not deep-seated, the fruit will remain healthy. Such fruits are bagged with the help of cloth. Otherwise, if the spot is found deep-seated, the fruit is likely to be infested with butterfly and bagging with the cloth will not save the fruit. This practice is very simple requiring little skill on the part of the farmers but immensely helpful in detecting and checking infestation of butterfly in pomegranate fruit. This practice is common in Dauda village of Uderana panchayat of Bhaderwah tehsil of district Doda in Jammu and Kashmir. | black spot, scratching by knife, bagging by cloth | Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2485 | Horticulture crops | Application of hukka water for control of caterpillar in kitchen/vegetable garden | This is an indigenously evolved technique of Bhaderwah tehsil in Doda district of Jammu and Kashmir and is used to control the insect-pest in kitchen garden. Smoking of hukka (hubble bubble) is quite common among the villagers. Water that is left as waste after smoking(use of hukka) is a potent material for controlling caterpillar. It is sprinkled on the vegetables grown in the kitchen garden. Hukka water contains nicotine sulphate which possibly act as controlling substance for insect- pests of kitchen garden,. The technique is effective to the extent of 80-90%. It is also used against various skin infections such as eczema. | hukka water, caterpillar, kitchen garden, nicotine sulphate, eczema | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2485 | Pest and Disease Management | Application of hukka water for control of caterpillar in kitchen/vegetable garden | This is an indigenously evolved technique of Bhaderwah tehsil in Doda district of Jammu and Kashmir and is used to control the insect-pest in kitchen garden. Smoking of hukka (hubble bubble) is quite common among the villagers. Water that is left as waste after smoking(use of hukka) is a potent material for controlling caterpillar. It is sprinkled on the vegetables grown in the kitchen garden. Hukka water contains nicotine sulphate which possibly act as controlling substance for insect- pests of kitchen garden,. The technique is effective to the extent of 80-90%. It is also used against various skin infections such as eczema. | hukka water, caterpillar, kitchen garden, nicotine sulphate, eczema | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricul- tural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2486 | Horticulture crops | Spraying of gold -dipped water | Gold- dipped water is sprayed on cucurbit plants when there is a problem of fruit setting. Some farmers in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir believe that fruit setting takes place in normal manner by spraying of gold- dipped water in cucurbits. | gold-dipped water, fruit setting | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2486 | Physiological problems | Spraying of gold -dipped water in cucurbits | Gold- dipped water is sprayed on cucurbit plants when there is a problem of fruit setting. Some farmers in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir believe that fruit setting takes place in normal manner by spraying of gold- dipped water in cucurbits. | gold-dipped water, fruit setting | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2487 | Horticulture crops | Control of semilooper in onion | For controlling semi looper in onion farmers spray kerosene oil and ash on the crop. Kerosene and ash act as sticking material which minimize movement of the pest, resulting in reduction in crop loss. Cultivation of ajwain in the periphery of onion field also attracts the semilooper. | onion, kerosene, ash, ajwain | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2487 | Control of semilooper in onion | For controlling semi looper in onion farmers spray kerosene oil and ash on the crop. Kerosene and ash act as sticking material which minimize movement of the pest, resulting in reduction in crop loss. Cultivation of ajwain in the periphery of onion field also attracts the semilooper. | onion, kerosene, ash, ajwain | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2488 | Horticulture crops | Protection of vegetable nurseries against various insect-pest | This practice is common in the remote hilly areas of Ram Nagar, Budu, Gool etc. of Jammu and Kashmir district, where farmers usually smoke hukka. The smoking process is such that when a person starts smoking, the smoke comes after passing through water, leaving there by, some tobacco constituents in the water, which acts as repellent/ insecticide. Drenching of hukka water, once in a week keeps various insect-pests away from the nursery. Hukka water is sprayed on transplanted seedlings also. | vegetable nursery, hukka, drenching, repellent/ insecticide | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2488 | Protection of vegetable nurseries against various insect-pest | This practice is common in the remote hilly areas of Ram Nagar, Budu, Gool etc. of Jammu and Kashmir district, where farmers usually smoke hukka. The smoking process is such that when a person starts smoking, the smoke comes after passing through water, leaving there by, some tobacco constituents in the water, which acts as repellent/ insecticide. Drenching of hukka water, once in a week keeps various insect-pests away from the nursery. Hukka water is sprayed on transplanted seedlings also. | vegetable nursery, hukka, drenching, repellent/ insecticide | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu Page 74 (Jammu and Kashmir) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2489 | Horticulture crops | Use of bamboo drip irrigation for plantation crops | It is mainly used for watering the plantation crops in Khasi hill of Meghalaya. It is particularly suitable to the conditions of water scarcity and in the soil with poor water holding capacity. The idea of diverting water from upper reaches of hill top to the lower reaches through gravity flow. Gravity flow is fully utilized in this drip irrigation system. This diverted water is conveyed through bamboo channel sections to the lower reaches of hill side. Such channel sections convey water efficiently at the rate of 18-20 litres/minute or even more, over a distance of several hundred meters. Elevation difference between the water source and the point of water application may be as high as 100 meters. Water is carried to the plot site and distributed into branches which are made and laid-out with the use of different forms of bamboo pipes/ channels. Depending on requirement of points where water is to be applied (plant positions), the water is diverted through network of bamboo channels in orchard. Reduced channel sections and diversion units are used at last stage of water application. The last channel section enables in dropping water, drop by drop at the plant site. Once laid out, the system works round the clock. The cost involved in the system is minimum. | bamboo, drip irrigation, water scarcity, lower reaches, gravity flow, elevation difference, orchard | Dr N. Prakash, Dr P.P.Pal, Dr P. Sundrambal, Dr R. Kumar and Dr B. Bihari. Agricultural Extension Division, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani (Meghalaya)- 793 103 Ref: Indigenous technological knowledge followed by the tribal farmers of North eastern hill in agriculture. Indian J. Hill Farmg 12 (1&2): 134-135(1999) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2489 | Use of bamboo drip irrigation for plantation crops | It is mainly used for watering the plantation crops in Khasi hill of Meghalaya. It is particularly suitable to the conditions of water scarcity and in the soil with poor water holding capacity. The idea of diverting water from upper reaches of hill top to the lower reaches through gravity flow. Gravity flow is fully utilized in this drip irrigation system. This diverted water is conveyed through bamboo channel sections to the lower reaches of hill side. Such channel sections convey water efficiently at the rate of 18- 20 litres/minute or even more, over a distance of several hundred meters. Elevation difference between the water source and the point of water application may be as high as 100 meters. Water is carried to the plot site and distributedinto branches which are made and laid-out with the use of different forms of bamboo pipes/ channels. Depending on requirement of points where water is to be applied (plant positions), the water is diverted through network of bamboo channels in orchard. Reduced channel sections and diversion units are used at last stage of water application. The last channel section enables in dropping water, drop by drop at the plant site. Once laid out, the system works round the clock. The cost involved in the system is minimum. | bamboo, drip irrigation, water scarcity, lower reaches, gravity flow, elevation difference, orchard | Dr N. Prakash, Dr P.P.Pal, Dr P. Sundrambal, Dr R. Kumar and Dr B. Bihari Agricultural Extension Division ICAR Research Complex for NEH Barapani Meghalaya)- 793 103 Ref: Indigenous technological knowledge followed by the tribal farmers of North eastern hill in agriculture. Indian J. Hill Farmg 12 (1 & 2): 134- 135 (1999) Page 81 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2490 | Horticulture crops | Use of raised platform around mango trees | People of lower parts of Himachal Pradesh use to prepare raised platform of 60-90 cm in height and 4-5 feet in radius around the mango trees to protect the trunk from damages caused by stray animals. Such trees have survived for more than hundred of years and provide fruits to the villagers on sharing basis. Most of the trees are raised from seedlings and known as sucking type mangoes. Such trees are heritage and serve to bring prosperity in the rainfed and dry areas. | trunk, platform, mango, heritage | Shri A.K. Agnihotri, Joint Director (Planning) and Sr. Scientist, Directorate of Research, Dr. YSPUHF Naini, Solan (Himachal Pradesh) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2490 | Horticulture crops | Use of raised platform around mango trees | People of lower parts of Himachal Pradesh use to prepare raised platform of 60-90 cm in height and 4-5 feet in radius around the mango trees to protect the trunk from damages caused by stray animals. Such trees have survived for more than hundred of years and provide fruits to the villagers on sharing basis. Most of the trees are raised from seedlings and known as sucking type mangoes. Such trees are heritage and serve to bring prosperityin the rainfed and dry areas. | trunk, platform, mango, heritage | Shri A.K. Agnihotri Joint Director (Planning) and Sr. Scientist, Directorate of Research, Dr. YSPUHF Naini, Solan (Himachal Pradesh) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2491 | Horticulture crops | Use of semi-baked bricks for control of flower drop and induction of flowering in mango | Flower drop in mango tree is very common and sometimes, especially local varieties, do not bear flowering continuously for many years. In such conditions farmers of Nagri area of Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir, dig a pit of about 5 feet deep at the base of the stem of the tree and fill half of the pit with small pieces of semi-baked bricks and the rest is filled with soil. The practice has favorable effect in inducing flowering and checking flower drop in mango. | semi-baked brick, flower drop, induction of flowering | Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2491 | Horticulture crops | Use of semi-baked bricks for control of flower drop and induction of flowering in mango | Flower drop in mango tree is very common and sometimes, especially local varieties, do not bear flowering continuously for many years. In such conditions farmers of Nagri area of Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir, dig a pit of about 5 feet deep at the base of the stem of the tree and fill half of the pit with small pieces of semi-baked bricks and the rest is filled with soil. The practice has favorable effect in inducing flowering and checking flower drop in mango. | semi-baked brick, flower drop, induction of flowering | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2492 | Horticulture crops | Cultivation of vegetables in sandy river bank | Trenches are prepared with the help of spade in the river bank. The length of trench varies from 120 to 240 feet according to length of banks. Distance between two trenches is kept 15-20 feet so that the vines may spread easily. Depth of trenches depend on water table. For assessing the water table, one pit is dug. The depth ranges from 1 to 2 feet in October, and as the water level goes down the depth is increased up to 3 feet. Vegetables such as pumpkin, bottle gourd, cucumber, khira, water melon, tomato, brinjal and capsicum are grown in this system. (a) Seeding method and seed management: For fast germination the seeds are soaked in water for 6-12 hours, tied in wet cloth and are kept in the husk, straw or farmyard manure. After germination, 3-4 seeds are seeded at a point, so that at least 2 vines may grow from there. At initial stage, water given through water cans. For tomato and capsicum, nursery is prepared in December and the seedlings are transplanted in January. (b) Use of farmyard manure and fertilizers: Generally urea is used as fertilizer. In a 120 feet long trench, 8-10 quintals FYM and 10- 20 kg urea are used. After digging the trenches, a mixture of FYM, urea and sand is filled in it and it is levelled up to the surface. (c) Insertion of grass thatches: Thatches are used to secure the vines from cold air in winter and from hot sand in summer. A shallow trench is also dug parallel to the main trench. In this, shallow trench thatches are inserted at an angle of 45-60 degrees so that it may cover the small plants, and help the plants to escape from cold winds from north. At flowering stage, the thatch is spread over the space between two main trenches to protect the fruits and flowers from hot sand. For 125-150 feet long trench, 7-8 bundles of thatches (each bundle having weight of 18-20 kg) are required. (d) Pest and disease management: There is quite heavy infestation of pest and diseases, because of use of imbalanced fertilizer and raw farmyard manure. Generally there is quite high use of chemicals. These practices are being followed by Rai families since the seventies. They are minor in community and non resident to this place (Swa river). They come to this place and do cultivation from October to June, when vegetables come to the market. It gives handsome price. | Swa river, trenches, vegetable production, FYM, grass thatches | Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Choudhary Sarankul, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University Una (Himachal Pradesh) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2492 | Horticulture crops | Cultivation of vegetables in sandy river bank | Trenches are prepared with the help of spade in the river bank. The length of trench varies from 120 to 240 feet according to length of banks. Distance between two trenches is kept 15-20 feet so that the vines may spread easily. Depth of trenches depend on water table. For assessing the water table, one pit is dug. The depth ranges from 1 to 2 feet in October, and as the water level goes down the depth is increased up to 3 feet. Vegetables such as pumpkin, bottle gourd, cucumber, khira, water melon, tomato, brinjal and capsicum are grown in this system. (a) Seeding method and seed management: For fast germination the seeds are soaked in water for 6-12 hours, tied in wet cloth and are kept in the husk, straw or farmyard manure. After germination, 3-4 seeds are seeded at a point, so that at least 2 vines may grow from there. At initial stage, water given through water cans. For tomato and capsicum, nursery is prepared in December and the seedlings are transplanted in January. (b) Use of farmyard manure and fertilizers: Generally urea is used as fertilizer. In a 120 feet long trench, 8-10 quintals FYM and 10- 20 kg urea are used. After digging the trenches, a mixture of FYM, urea and sand is filled in it and it is levelled up to the surface. (c) Insertion of grass thatches: Thatches are used to secure the vines from cold air in winter and from hot sand in summer. A shallow trench is also dug parallel to the main trench. In this, shallow trench thatches are inserted at an angle of 45-60 degrees so that it may cover the small plants, and help the plants to escape from cold winds from north. At flowering stage, the thatch is spread over the space between two main trenches to protect the fruits and flowers from hot sand. For 125-150 feet long trench, 7-8 bundles of thatches (each bundle having weight of 18-20 kg) are required. (d) Pest and disease management: There is quite heavy infestation of pest and diseases, because of use of imbalanced fertilizer and raw farmyard manure. Generally there is quite high use of chemicals. These practices are being followed by Rai families since the seventies. They are minor in community and non resident to this place (Swa river). They come to this place and do cultivation from October to June, when vegetables come to the market. It gives handsome price. | Swa river, trenches, vegetable production, FYM, grass thatches | Krishi Vigyan Kendra Choudhary Sarankul, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University Una (Himachal Pradesh) Page 75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2493 | Animal Husbandry | Treatment of cattle suffering from kharyali or laloo | Kharyali problem is very common mainly in bullocks. The bullocks suffering from this disease show the following systems: (i) occurrence of wounds in the hoofs of the cattle, and (ii) saliva comes out from the mouth of the cattle. Kharyali, if not treated immediately, leads to death of cattle. It occurs as a result of continous fever among the cattle. The cattle are treated with roots of tarni herb and bhedsingi which are properly ground and mixed with flour and fed to the affected cattle for 2-3 days to get rid off kharyali. A majority of the farmers of village Baldhar in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh use this practice since time immemorial. | kharyali, laloo, bullock, tarni, bhedsingi | Shri Rajeev Kumar Room no 32 D, NBH II Hostel, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2494 | Animal Husbandry | Use of onion, garlic, thymol and aniseed for treatment of fever in cattle | A majority of the villagers of Baldhar in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh are using this age-old treatment for cattle since time immemorial. When cattle suffer from fever, the following symptoms appear: (1) the animals do not take fodder (2) salivation occurs, and (3) weakness in the animals is observed. For treatment of fever, cattle is treated with onion and garlic soup. Onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum), thymol and aniseed (Foeniculus vulgaris) are properly ground and mixed with 300 ml water. Juice extracted from lakkervir, a herb, is added to the soup and given orally to the cattle. | salivation, lakkervir, fever | Shri Rajeev Kumar Room no 32 D, NBH II Hostel Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2495 | Animal Husbandry | Use of whey, wood ash and black pepper for treatment of hair loss in cattle | Hair loss is very common problem in cattle throughout the year. For its treatment, about 1-2 litres whey is mixed with a few grams of wood ash and a little amount of black pepper. This content is properly mixed and given orally to the animal for a few days in small doses to cure hair loss problem among cattle. This treatment is used in Balot village of Kangra district in Himachal Pradesh since time immemorial. | hair loss, cattle, whey, wood ash, black pepper | Shri Rajeev Kumar Room no 32 D, NBH II Hostel, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2496 | Animal Husbandry | Use of Albizzia lebbeck buds for treatment of foot finger rot in cattle | Foot finger rot is a dangerous disease among cattle during rainy season. This disease is treated by making use of Albizzia lebbeck buds. In this treatment, the buds of Albizzia lebbeck are ground and mixed with small amount of water . This suspension is applied between the foot fingers to get relief. A majority of the villagers of Samloti of Kangra district in Himachal Pradesh are using this treatment since time immemorial. | foot finger rot, Albizzia lebbeck bud, suspension | Shri Rajeev Kumar Room no 32 D, NBH II Hostel, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2497 | Animal Husbandry | Use of garlic and thymol for treatment of egestion problem in cattle | Egestion is a most common problem in cattle during winter season, for which the cattle are treated with garlic and thymol soup. For preparation of the soup, 200-500 g garlic and 250 g thymol are ground properly with the help of a muller on a flat stone and mixed with 500 ml water. The mixture is given orally to the affected animals, about 200 ml at a time for 2-3 days. This treatment is very useful to overcome egestion problem in catlle. A majority of the farmers of Samloti village of Kangra district in Himachal Pradesh are using this treatment since time immemorial. | egestion, garlic, thymol, soup | Shri Rajeev Kumar Room no 32 D, NBH II Hostel, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2498 | Animal Husbandry | Treatment of stomach problem in cattle | Stomach problem in cattle occurs due to eating of moist grass. The main symptoms of the problem are swelling of stomach, animals do not take fodder and salivation persists. A majority of the farmers of Mumta village of Kangra district in Himachal Pradesh treat the animals with stomach problem by feeding a mixture prepared from 20 g nutmeg, and 50 g each of onion, garlic and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and thymol (Carum copticum). The ingredients are ground properly and mixed with 300 ml water. This treatment is given orally to the cattle with bamboo sticks. | stomach problem, moist grass, nutmeg, onion, garlic, tobacco, thymol | Shri Rajeev Kumar Room no 32 D, NBH II Hostel, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2499 | Animal Husbandry | Use of powder of tutia for treatment of broken internal part of animals’ horn called singhada | Sometimes in a herd the animals quarrel with each other and as a result they break their horns, and the internal part of the horn is severely damaged. For its cure, first the broken horn is washed with lukewarm water and then powder of tutia is dropped on the affected part and tied with a cotton cloth. This practice is repeated after 2 days and continued after every two days upto 15 days for complete recovery. This is in use since last 10 years in Sonapur village of Azamgarh district in Uttar Pradesh. | tutia, broken horn | Shri Ranjay Kumar Singh S/o Shri Haribansh Singh, Sonapur, P.O. Sewta, Azamgarh (Uttar Pradesh) 276 128 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2500 | Animal Husbandry | Treatment of minkedi disease (swelling of larynx) | Minkedi i.e. swelling of larynx, is very common among the cattle. The animal suffering from this problem shows the following symptoms: (i) it does not take fodder, (ii) swelling of tongue occurs, and (iii) swelling of larynx. Weakness is observed in the cattle if proper treatment is not provided. Locally available methods for treatment of cattle suffering from minkedi are as follows: A few gram root of coriander (wild species) is ground properly. The paste is mixed with 500-1000 g flour. To this a few ml water is added and a thick suspension is made, which is given to the cattle for 2-4 days orally. Frog is also given to the cattle in their fodder to get relief from this disease. These practices are used in Baldhar village in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh since time immemorial. | minkedi, swelling of larynx, tongue, cariander, frog | Shri Rajeev Kumar Room no 32 D, NBH II Hostel, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2501 | Animal Husbandry | Treatment of cattle suffering from basher disease by using Allium sp | Basher disease is very common among the cattle. The animal suffering from this disease shows following symptoms: (i) swelling of earlobes (ii) swelling of the teats, and (iii) the cattle do not take fodder. There are different methods used for treatment of cattle for this disease as indicated below: (a) About 1-2 g Allium sp. (wild one) and black pepper are ground properly and mixed in 500-1000 g flour, which is fed to the cattle for 2-3 days. (b) Few grams of hing (Asafoetida) are mixed with appropriate amount of flour and fed to the cattle for 2-3 days. (c) The cattle is treated by feeding with hive comb of wasp. These practices are being used in Samloti village in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh since time immemorial. | basher, swelling of earlobes, Allium sp., black pepper, hing, comb of wasp | Shri Rajeev Kumar Room no 32 D, NBH II Hostel, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2502 | Animal Husbandry | Method for easy expulsion of placenta in cow | Just after parturition, cows are allowed to feed 25-30 number of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) leaves with mustard oil for expulsion of placenta. Then the cow is given warm water for a week. | jackfruit leaves, warm water | Shri Sarbaswar Sahu Biragovindapur, Sakhigopal Puri (Orissa) Page 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2503 | Animal Husbandry | Control of foot-and-mouth disease by using Acacia bark | Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a common bovine disease prevalent mostly during the monsoon. The stem bark of babool (Acacia) is used for treatment of FMD. About ½ kg Acacia stem bark is ground properly and boiled with 10 litres water. This lukewarm extract is applied over the affected hooves of the animals. This practice is followed twice a day for 4-5 days. This treatment is commonly practised in Afajalpur village of Buland Shahr district of Uttar Pradesh. | foot and mouth disease, Acacia bark | Dr (Ms) Kiran Singh C/o Dr Tungveer Singh, D-37, Medical College, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) 250 004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2504 | Animal Husbandry | Use of camphor and neem oil for treatment of wounds in animals | Farmers of Thruppathur village in Tamil Nadu are using mixture of camphor and neem oil for healing wounds since last 10 years. About 50 ml neem oil and 50 g camphor are mixed well and made into paste. It is applied externally on the wounds. | camphor, neem oil, wounds | Shri V. Azhagu S/o Shri Vellaiyan S. V. Mangalam, Tiruppathur T. K., Sivagangai (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2505 | Animal Husbandry | Aloe vera for conception in dairy | The thorns of Aloe vera are removed and are fed orally to the cows for conception. It is given thrice a day for 3 days, and farmers are using this practice since last 20 years. | sottru kathalai, thorn, conception | Shri T. Ramalingam 2/27 Annanagar Street, Koppu, Kuzhumani, Tiruchirapalli (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2506 | Animal Husbandry | Use of Leucas aspera leaves to cure lesions of foot and mouth disease | Farmers of Kuzhumani village of Tamil Nadu feed green leaves of Leucas aspera to the cattle to cure foot and mouth disease. This practice is in use for last 10 years. | Leucas aspera, foot and mouth disease | Shri M. Kumar S/o Shri Marimuthu, 72/2 Mela Kuzhumani, Kuzhumani, Tiruchirapalli (Tamil Nadu) 639 013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2507 | Animal Husbandry | Treatment of foot and mouth disease | Gingelly oil (1/4 litre), banana (4) and pig fat (5 to 10 drops) are mixed well and given orally to the animal, suffering from foot and mouth disease. This treatment is given twice a day for 3 days. Ulceration in the mouth is healed very quickly. For control of lesion in leg, Glorioasa superba (250 g) and neem oil (1/4 litre) are mixed, boiled for half an hour and filtered after cooling. This extract is applied over the wound in the leg. This treatment is continued twice a day for 3 days. The healing of wound is very quick.The farmers of Aandi Arrani village of Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu are using this practice since last 5 years. | gingelly oil, banana, pig fat, Glarioasa superba, neem oil, foot and mouth disease | Dr M. Subramaniyam Assistant Professor, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kendrakudi, Sivagangai (Tamil Nadu) 630 206 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2508 | Animal Husbandry | Use of dried stems of vasumbu (Acorus calamus) for dehorning in cattle | Farmers of Manbadi village of Tamil Nadu are using vasumbu stems for dehorning in cattle since 20 years. Vasambu (Acorus calamus) is a medicinal herb. Well grown stems of vasambu are collected, cleaned in water and dried in sunlight. Stems are cut into pieces of 5-6 cm length. The stem pieces are kept on fire flames to make them red hot and the pieces are then rubbed over the horn buds till the blood is shed. It destroys the horn cells and thereby growth of horn is arrested. Some drops of neem oil are applied over the area to avoid any infection. Dehorning is done to avoid injuries due to conflicts among cattle and to maintain uniformty of the herd. | vasumbu, dehorning in cattle, neem oil, uniformity of herd | Shri S. Vadival S/o Shri K. Sivalingam, Mumbadi, Veppampati Hosur, Dharmapuri (Tamil Nadu) 636 903 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2511 | Animal Husbandry | Use of palm fruit paste for treatment of tick infestation | Palm fruit paste is applied on the body part affected by ticks, and it is allowed to dry. Farmers are following this practice since last 75 years. | palm fruit, tick infestation | Shri P. Abdul Jabbar 23 A Patariyar Kovil, Theru Elonkadai, Kottar Nagercoil (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2512 | Animal Husbandry | Use of chenthil (Tinospora cardifolia) leaves for treatment of mastitis | Leaves of chenthil are made into paste and it is applied externally on the affected (swollen) udder. Farmers have been using these leaves since last 40 years. The paste is applied twice daily until full recovery. | chenthil leaves, mastitis | Shri Paneer Selvan East off Street, Nagercoil (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2513 | Animal Husbandry | Use of castor or coconut oil to eradicate tick infestation | Castor or coconut oil is applied liberally on the skin of body of the animal where the tick infestation is severe. The cattle is allowed to stand in the sunlight for 30 minutes. Farmers are using castor or coconut oil since last 40 years. | tick infestation, castor, coconut, oil | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2514 | Animal Husbandry | Use of pig fat and green banana to treat foot and mouth disease | Pig fat (250 g) and 10 green bananas are given orally to the affected animal for 3 days to reduce over saliva formation during foot and mouth disease. Farmers of Ayilapettai village are following this practice since 25 years. | pig fat, green banana, foot and mouth disease | Shri N. Anbazhagan Anna Nagar, Ayilapetti, Koppa, Trichirapalli (Tamil Nadu) Page 86 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2515 | Animal Husbandry | Use of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves for treatment of tympany in cattle | Farmers of Devendrapuram village in Tamil Nadu are using moringa leaves for treating tympany in cattle since last 15 years. Farmers take 50 g moringa leaves, 20 g common salt, 50 ml buttermilk, 50 g garlic and 50 g sodium bicarbonate. All these ingredients are mixed well and made into small balls. It is fed orally to the cattle. | tympany, moringa, salt, butter milk, garlic, soda | Shri Thangarasu S/o Shri Verramuthu, Devendrapuram, P.O Pamani, Taluka Mannargudi, Tiruvarur (Tamil Nadu) 614 014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2516 | Animal Husbandry | Use of cumbu, pig fat and indigenous liquor for treatment of ranikhet disease in poultry | Mixture of pig fat, powdered cumbu and indigenous liquor are fed to poultry birds to treat ranikhet disease. Farmers of Nadutheru village in Tamil Nadu are using this practice since 4 years. | cumbu, pig fat, indigenous liquor, ranikhet disease | Shri P. Kandan S/o Shri Palaniryandi, Nadutheru, Koppu, Trichinapalli (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2517 | Animal Husbandry | Use of vellai kundumani seeds with boiled pearl millet to drop retained placenta after delivery | Sometimes the placenta of animal is not dropped naturally after calving. To solve this problem, farmers give 2-3 seeds of vellai kundumani with boiled pearlmillet to the animal. Farmers of Rajagopalapuram village in Tamil Nadu are using this practice since 15 years. | vellai kundumani, boiled pearlmillet, retained placenta | Shri M. Lawarance 808, Housing unit, Rajagopalapuram, Pudukottai (Tamil Nadu) 622 003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2518 | Animal Husbandry | Use of edible oil and powdered coal to treat ulcer on the neck of bullock | Edible oil is boiled and applied over the neck. Powdered coal is pasted on the ulcer to minimize the pain and help in recovery. The farmers of Elandaikundam village in Tamil Nadu are following this practice since 8 years. | edible oil, oral, ulcer | Shri Ranjay Kumar Singh S/o Shri Haribansh Singh, Sonapur, Sewta, Azamgarh (Uttar Pradesh) 276 128 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2519 | Animal Husbandry | Control of diarrhoea in animals | The leaf extract of hupai (Bassia longifolia) is administered to the animals suffering from diarrhoea. Feeding of 3 kg steamed varagu grains also controls diarrhoea. Farmers of Elandaikundam village in Tamil Nadu are using these practices since 12 years. | hupai, diarrhoea, varagu | Shri T. Ramesh Elandaikundam, Thirumalapadi via Ariyalur, Perambalur (Tamil Nadu) 621 851 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2520 | Animal Husbandry | Use of local liquor, jaggery and salt solution to control foot and mouth disease in animals | The farmers of Bharathinagar village in Tamil Nadu are using the following practices to control foot and mouth disease (FMD) in animals since 9 years: (a) local liquor or wine is given to animals; (b) rubbing of jaggery in the mouth to force the animal to open its mouth; and (c) spraying of salt solution with the help of cotton cloth inside the mouth and between the hooves of animal suffering from foot and mouth disease. | local liquor, jaggery, salt | Shri K. Selvakumar 7/2 Bharathi Nagar, Perambalur (Tamil Nadu) 621 212 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2521 | Animal Husbandry | Use of pure ghee, honey and iron rod to treat the dislocated or fractured organs in animals | Mixture of honey and pure ghee (1:1) is uniformly spread over a cloth. Iron rod is heated on fire till it becomes red and this rod is branded on the skin of dislocated fractured organ of the animal. The cloth with honey and ghee is bandaged over it. The farmers of Elandaikundam village are following this practice since 10 years. | pure ghee, honey, iron rod, fractured organ | Shri T. Ramesh Elandaikundam, Thirumalapadi via Ariyalur, Perambulur (Tamil Nadu) 621 851 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2522 | Animal Husbandry | Use of decoction made from raw turmeric, wild tulsi leaves, bhatkataiya and arusha leaves (Adhatola vasica) to create hunger in animals during winter season | Due to various reasons sometimes there is loss of hunger in animals. To overcome this, raw turmeric, wild tulsi leaves, bhatkataiya and arusha (Adhatola vasica) leaves 1 kg each are boiled in 4-5 litres water till the decoction remains about 2-5 litres. This decoction (about 300-400 ml) is given to the animal by a bamboo stick once a day up to 3-4 days for complete result. This is practiced in Sonapur village of Azamgarh district in Uttar Pradesh. | turmeric, tulsi (Ocimum spp.), bhatkataiya (Solanum surattense), arusha (Adhatola vasica), hunger problem | Shri Ranjay Kumar Singh S/o Shri Haribansh Singh, Sonapur, P.O. Sewta, Azamgarh (Uttar Pradesh) 276 128 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2523 | Animal Husbandry | Use of pig oil to cure cough in animals | In winter season cough and fever are common diseases in animals. Generally the scheduled cast and scheduled tribe people make oil from fats of pig body part. After killing the pig and separation of the meat, generally the fat is taken out and its extra water content is reduced by burning. This is stored in the bottle. In one dose, about 250 g oil, twice a day is given and kept for 10 days. It is an age-old practice and is followed in Sonapur village in Azamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh. | pig oil, cough | Shri Ranjay Kumar Singh S/o Shri Haribansh Singh, Sonapur, P.O. Sewta, Azamgarh (Uttar Pradesh) 276 128 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2524 | Animal Husbandry | Use of shatawar (Asparagus recimosus) with milk to increase milk yield of sick animals | Due to sickness, caused by any disease, milk yield and lactation period of the animals are reduced. For this, about 500 g shatawar (Asparagus recimosus) stem is taken and made to a paste in which about 500 ml milk is added. Then this milk is fed to the animal with bamboo stick. The practice is continued till the desired result is achieved. It is an age-old practice of Sonapur village of Azamgarh district in Uttar Pradesh. | shatwar, milk yield | Shri Ranjay Kumar Singh S/o Shri Haribansh Singh, Sonapur, P.O. Sewta, Azamgarh (Uttar Pradesh) 276 128 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2527 | Animal Husbandry | Use of asafoetida and betel leaf for treatment of acidosis | Farmers of Nerai village of Kanchipuram district in Tamil Nadu are using betel leaves and asafoetida to treat acidosis since a long time. It is given orally to the animals twice a day in the morning and evening. | asafoetida, betel leaf, acidosis | Shri P. Kannipillai S/o Parasuraman Pillai, 32 No 164 Nelvai, Eganawasam, Kancheepuram (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2528 | Animal Husbandry | Curing dysentery of goats by using bamboo leaves | This is an age-old practice of Boden block of Nawapada district in Orissa. When goats suffer from dysentery, bamboo leaves are crushed and mixed with puffed rice and fed to the affected goat daily. | bamboo leaves, puffed rice, dysentery | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2530 | Animal Husbandry | Cure of injuries in animals by Acacia bark | Acacia bark is crushed and a little amount of water is added. The paste is applied on wounds, twice daily for 3-4 days. | Acacia bark, wounds, injury | Ms Sarbani Das Plot no 1068/32, Shatabdi Nagar, Unit-8, Bhubaneswar (Orissa) 751 003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2531 | Animal Husbandry | Feeding cattle with mahua (Madhuca latifolia) for providing strength and nutrient to milch animals | If the cattle is very weak and unable to walk, mahua (Madhuca latifolia) is given along with raw eggs. The fruits of mahua are crushed in little quantity of water and the solution is given once daily for 10 days. Jaggery is also given with feed. | mahua, weak milch animal, jaggery | Ms Sarbani Das Plot no 1068/32, Shatabdi Nagar, Unit-8, Bhubaneswar (Orissa) 751 003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2532 | Animal Husbandry | Use of thalaisuzhi elai for treatment of indigestion in cattle | Farmers of Thiruppathur village are using thalaisuzhi elai leaves for treatment of indigestion in cattle since 5 years. The paste of leaves of thalaisuzhi elai (250 g) is made. This paste is mixed with sufficient quantity of water and it is administered orally. It is given twice daily in morning and evening. | thalaisuzhi elai, indigestion in cattle | Shri A. Balamurugan S/o Shri V. Alagu S.V. Manglalam, Thiruppathur, Sivagangai (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2533 | Animal Husbandry | Use of jaggery, garlic and ginger mixed with water for treatment of bloat | Farmers of Ilaiyathangudi village of TamilNadu use a mixture of jaggery, garlic and ginger since 10 years to control bloat in animals. About 100 g jaggery, 50 g garlic and 50 g ginger are mixed. The mixture is ground by domestic grinder and dried in the sun. Afterwards 500 ml water is mixed to it and fed orally to the animals suffering from bloat. | jaggery, garlic, ginger, bloat | Shri K. Ramaraj Ilaiyathangudi, Tiruppathur, Sivagangai (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2534 | Animal Husbandry | Preparation of dummy calf by filling bhusa in skin of dead calf of buffalo | Mortality percentage in buffalo calf is higher as compared to that in cows, as well as the birth rate is also lower. After death, it becomes quite difficult to milk the buffalo without the calf. Hence, farmers fill bhusa in detached skin of calf by giving shape of original calf. During milking, this dummy calf is kept before the buffalo for sniffing and licking. By this procedure milking becomes easier. This is practised in each district of Maharashtra where buffaloes have been domesticated. | dummy calf, bhusa filling, calf mortality | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2535 | Animal Husbandry | Treatment for fracture of animal bone by mithi seed (Trigonella focnumgraecum) | While grazing in open, sometimes bones of animals get fractured. Mithi seeds are crushed and a paste is applied on the fractured bone and it is tied with bamboo sticks for 15-20 days. This is practiced in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh since time immemorial. | mithi, bone fracture | Communicated by: Prof L. R. Verma Department of Bio- Sciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2536 | Animal Husbandry | Use of cumin seeds and young leaves of guava for treatment of diarrhoea | Fifty gram cumin and 250 g guava leaves are mixed and ground together. A paste is made by adding sufficient quantity of water. It is fed orally to the affected animals. This practice is being used since 10 years by villagers of Tiruppathur in Tamil Nadu. | cumin, guava, diarrhoea | Shri V. Azhagu S/o Shri Vellaiyan, S. V Mangalam, Tiruppathur, Sivagangai (Tamil Nadu) Ms Sarbani Das 1068/32, Shatabdi Nagar, Unit-8, Bhubaneswar (Orissa) 751 003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2537 | Animal Husbandry | Use of leaves of bhindi (Abelmoscus esculentus) for removing retained placenta | Farmers of Thachakudi village are using since long time the feeding of green leaves of bhindi (Abelmoscus esculentus) to the animal for removing retained placenta during delivery. | bhindi, green leaf, retained placenta | Shri M. Kamraj S/o V. Manikam, Thachakudi, Kuzhumani (Tamil Nadu) 639 103 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2538 | Animal Husbandry | Use of neem oil, camphor, black betel leaf and jaggery to control maggot wound and acidosis in animals | For wounds, camphor is crushed in neem oil and applied on the affected part of maggot wounds. While for acidosis, jaggery is rolled in black betel leaf and fed orally to the animals. Farmers are using this practice since 15 years. It is given 4 times a day. | neem oil, camphor, black betel leaf, jaggery, maggot wound, acidosis | Ms V. Moghana W/o Shri Velarasu, 18/1 Bhavapetti, Back Street Kancheepuram (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2539 | Animal Husbandry | Use of mayurchulia (Etephantopus scaber) in treatment of bone fracture in animals | Fresh root of mayurchulia (Etephantopus scaber) is made into a fine paste, fried in castor oil and is applied and bandaged locally for bone fracture in animals. The root extract and castor oil helps in activating the nerves and setting of bones. This is an age-old practice being used in Chandaka village of Khurda district in Orissa. | mayurchulia, castor oil, bone fracture | Dr Arati Bala Prusti Plot no 2658, BJB Nagar, Bhubaneswar (Orissa) 751 014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2540 | Animal Husbandry | Use of pandri, sembal, thandu, kilangu for treatment of black quarter in animals | The tubers of pandri, sembal, thandu, kilangu are boiled, and neem oil is mixed to it and fed orally to the affected animal. It is given at the initial stage of blackquarter. This practice is in use since 40 years by the farmers of Kuzhuman of Tiruchirapalli district in Tamil Nadu. | pandri, sembal, thandu, kilangu, blackquarter | Shri Periyaswamy Mela kuzhumani, P.O. Kuzhuman, Tiruchirapalli (Tamil Nadu) 639 103 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2542 | Animal Husbandry | Use of aanai nerunchi (Pedalium murex) leaves to bring animals to heat | Farmers of Kuzhuman in Tamil Nadu have been using leaves of aanai nerunchi to bring animals to heat since 40 years. It is given thrice a day for 3 days in handful quantity. | aanai nerunchi, animal in heat | Shri Periyaswamy Mela kuzhumani, P.O. Kuzhuman, Tiruchirapalli (Tamil Nadu) 639 103 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2543 | Animal Husbandry | Use of neem seed kernel and cinnamon for treatment of lesions of foot and mouth disease | When animals suffer from foot- and-mouth disease, a mixture of neem seed kernel and cinnamon is given to cure the lesions,. This is in vogue since last 10 years | neem seed kernel, cinnamon, foot and mouth disease | Shri P. Kanniyan S/o Shri Periyasamy, Sukkankuli Kuzhumani, Tiruchirapalli (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2544 | Animal Husbandry | Use of betel leaves and pepper against acute infection | On acute infection, farmers are using betelvine leaves and pepper since 7 years. This is given orally to the animals in the initial stage of infection. | betelvine leaves, pepper, acute infection | Shri M. Ariyan 2/1 Main Road, Kuzhumani, Tiruchirapalli (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2545 | Animal Husbandry | Cure for aafara by using mustard oil | When animals suffer from aafara (flatulence/ tympany), it causes constipation, improper rumination, stop feeding and results in low milk production in cows and buffalos. For cure of aafara, farmers of Rampur- Bajheda village in Bulandshahr district of Uttar Pradesh use mustard oil. About 250 g raw mustard oil is given to the animal with the help of bamboo pipe. This will result in loose motion. This treatment improves aafara and increases milk production. | aafara, constipation, loose motion, milk yield | Dr Tungveer Singh D-37, Medical College Campus, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) 250 004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2546 | Animal Husbandry | Use of banana flower to heal intestinal ulcer | Banana flowers are fed to heal intestinal ulcer in animals. This treatment is useful in summer season. This practice is being followed since 7 years. | banana flower, intestinal ulcer | Shri A. Chellamal 2/1 Main Road, Tiruchirapalli (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2547 | Animal Husbandry | Control of worm infestation in cattle | To control worm, farmers of coastal area feed the cattle with a mixture made of ground seeds of papaya (Carica papaya) (500g) with water(500ml). The mixture is fed to the affected animal once a day for 3-4 days. | worm infestation, papaya seed | Shri Narharu Bhoj Ada, Balasore (Orissa) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2548 | Animal Husbandry | Use of flowers and roots of thalai suruli for treatment of fever in cattle | The flowers of thalai suruli, which are small and white in colour, are fed to the animals suffering from fever. This practice is in use for last 20 years. | thalai suruli, fever | Shri P. Kandan S/o Shri Palaniryandi, Nadutheru, Koppu, Trichinapalli (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2549 | Animal Husbandry | Use of garlic (Allium sativum) to cure ranikhet disease in poultry birds | One small piece of garlic clove is fed to the birds. The dry skin of the clove is removed and cut into small pieces with the help of nails. Stem of garlic plant is also used. Farmers of Tiruppathur in Tamil Nadu are using this pracice since 5 years. | garlic, ranikhet disease | Shri V. Azhagu S/o Shri Vellaiyan, S. V Mangalam, Tiruppathur, Sivagangai (Tamil Nadu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2550 | Animal Husbandry | Curing of animals for stomach ailment with bhandrali | Bhandrali is the local name given to small cocoon-type structures which are made by red ants with the help of clay to inhabit. These are quite common in house holds. The cocoon like structures, containing red ants, are picked up from the house walls and crushed to feed the animals. This practice is common in some of the villages of the Baderwah tehsil in Doda district of Jammu and Kashmir. | bhandrali, stomach ailment, cocoon-type structure, red ant | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2551 | Animal Husbandry | Use of onion for controlling ticks in animals | Tick sticks to the body of animals and suck and feed on the blood. Animals infested with ticks are given onion. About 1 kg onion is chaffed and fed to the animals at least once in a month. This practice is very common in controlling the ticks in animals, being practiced in Kathua (Badala area) and even in the Akhnoor block of Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir. | onion, tick infestation | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2552 | Animal Husbandry | Control of diarrhoea in animals by using mixture of jamun, bhang and ajwain | Diarrhoea is common in animals and some times, if not controlled or cured in time, animals die also Farmers of Badala area of Kathua district in Jammu and Kashmir prepare a mixture using bark of jamun (Syzygium cuminii) tree, Agriculbhang (Cannabis sativa) and ajwain. This mixture is fed to the animals twice a day, suffering from diarrhoea. | diarrhoea, jamun, bhang, ajwain | Director of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) 413 722 aCommunicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2553 | Animal Husbandry | Use of it-sit weed plant for curing tilli (jaundice) in animals | Tilli (jaundice) is a harmful disease in animals. Stems of it-sit (Boerhavia diffusa) plant, about 2 to 3 inches long along with its leaves is chaffed and fed to the animals with flour till the animal is cured. It-sit is a wild plant usually available in the wastelands in the kharif season. This traditional practice is popularly used by the farmers in Jarafpain area of Kathua district in Jammu and Kashmir. | it-sit weed, tilli | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2554 | Animal Husbandry | Treatment for jake fever | In Jammu region jake fever is common in animals and for controlling this, about 2 kg radish (Raphanus sativus) is mixed with 150 g ajwain and 200 g jaggery and fed to the ailing animals once a day, continuously for three days. This treatment is followed by the farmers of Nagri area of Kathua district (Jammu and Kashmir). | jake fever, radish, ajwain | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2555 | Animal Husbandry | Feeding of mango pickle for relieving animals from stomach pain | Stomach pain commonly occurs in animals and for controlling this pain, mango pickle (250 g) is fed to the animals once a day for two days. According to experience of farmers of Akhnoor, Samba, Purmandal areas of Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir, mango pickle is fully effective for relieving the stomach pain in animals. | mango pickle, stomach pain | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricul- tural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2556 | Animal Husbandry | Use of draink (Melia azedirach) leaves for curing bloat in animals | Bloat is common in animals and it occurs because of excessive accumulation of gases in the stomach. Draink leaves, which is popularly available in the entire sub-tropical area of Jammu region is used for curing bloat in animals. Draink leaves, mixed with jaggery and flour, are fed to the animals once a day for two days continuously. This practice is common in the Jarafpain area of Kathua district (Jammu and Kashmir). | draink leaves, bloat, excessive accumulation of gases | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2557 | Animal Husbandry | Use of mud of pond for curing cyanide poisoning in animals | Farmers in Kathua district use pond mud mixed with wheat flour to treat cyanide poisoning. Mud is applied externally on the body of animals. | cyanide poisoning, mud, soothing effect | Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu, (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2558 | Animal Husbandry | Use of tangul powder as an antiseptic medicine | The tangul shrub grows at an altitude of above 10,000 feet. The green leaves of this shrub are ground into thin powder by crushing with stone, and the paste is applied externally on wounds to stop bacterial growth. | tangul powder, shrub, healing wound, antiseptic | Prakash Lodge, Summer Hill, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 171 005 Shri Chandu Lal Sharma | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2559 | Animal Husbandry | Use of deodar oil to check various ailments/ diseases in animals | The deodar oil is an effective repellent of insect-pests. It is used to massage animals’ skin externally. It helps in curing skin diseases such as scabies. It also disinfects the animals and checks various insects. The oil is also prescribed as internal dose, as it checks ecto- parasites in alimentary canal. | deodar oil, insect- pest repellent, massage, scabies, ecto-parasites | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2560 | Animal Husbandry | Use of branker (Adatoda vesica) to cure fever in animal | Leaves of branker (Adatoda vesica) are used by the people of Dharal of Rajouri district in Jammu and Kashmir to bring sweat from the animals in case of fever. | branker, fever in animal, sweat | Communicated by: Dr M. P. Gupta Director Extension Education, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) 180 004 Ref: A Survey Report from Jammu Province (J&K State) on Collection, Documentation and Validation of ITK, 2002. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu |
Indigenous Traditional Knowledge Practices in Agriculture
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